Transcript eCommerce – Workshop #1

Tour III :
e-Business Infrastructure
E. Widodo
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Objectives
• Outline hardware and software related to ebusiness
• Understand the “net”
• Know the practical risk in managing e-business
infrastructure
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Contents
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The “net”
Internet standards
Managing e-Business infrastructure
EDI
The future
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Overview
• e-B infrastructure: H/W, S/W & its architecture necessary
to achieve electronic information exchange within an
organization or with its partners.
• Coverage:
– Technical infrastructure
• Net
• How this work
– Communication standard: TCP/IP, EDI
– Publishing standard: HTML, XML
– Management issue
• Hosting
• Staff access
• How does it means? (service level x
– New technology: m-Commerce
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The “net”
• Internet: physical network that link computers across the
globe which consists of infrastructure of network servers
and communication links between them that are used to
hold and transport information between client PCs and
web servers.
• Client/server: client computers such as PCs, sharing
resources such as database stored on a more powerful
computer.
• Internet service provider: a server providing home or
business users with a connection to access the internet or
web-based applications.
• Backbone: high-speed communication links used to
enable internet communications across a country or even
a regional area.
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The “net” components
Internet as a part of info
dissemination (Kampas, 2000)
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Stage
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Technology
Icon & impact
Documentation
3500BC to 1542
The usage of clay tablet in
Mesopotamia & written
language
Taxes, laws, accounting
giving rise to the
development of civilization
& commerce
Mass publication
1452 to 1946
The Gutenburg press of
moveable metal type
Religious & scientific texts
resulting in scientific
advance & ideological
conflict
Automation
1946 to 1978
Electric power & switching
technology (vacuum tube
& transistor)
Code breaking & scientific
calculation, start of
information age
Mass interaction
1978 to 1985
Microprocessor & PC
Spreadsheet & word
processing
Infrastructuralization
1985 to 1993
Local & wide area network,
graphical user interface
E-mail and enterprise
resource planning
Mass communication
1993 to now
Internet, WWW, Java
Mass information access
for transaction
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Internet timelines
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Intranet & extranet
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Intranet & extranet applications
• Intranet is used extensively to support sell-side ecommerce from within the marketing function.
– Ex: info for customers, staff dir., system procedure,
bulletin, training courses
– Advantages:
• Reduce cost through higher productivity
• Better customer service
• Distribution of information through remote office
• Extranet is used extensively to support SCM as resources
are ordered from suppliers and transformed into products
and service delivered to customers.
– Middleware: S/W used to enable different applications
on intranet to communicate
– Enterprise Application Integration (EAI): S/W used to
facilitate communication between business
applications including data transfer & control
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Firewall
• Firewall: a specialized S/W mounted on server to prevent
an unauthorized access.
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www
• World wide web: common technique for publishing
information on the internet, accessed through web
browser which display web pages pf embedded graphics
and HTML/XML encoded text.
• Hyperlink: method of moving between one website page
and another, indicated to the user by an image or text
highlighted by underlining and/or different color.
• Web browser: interfaces provide an easy method to
access and view information stored as web document on
different servers.
• Web server: computer to store and present the web
pages accessed by web browsers.
• Static web pages: pages on the web server that is
invariant.
• Dynamic web pages: pages that are created in real-time,
often with reference to a database query, in response to a
user request.
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Information exchange
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Pop internet applications
• e-Mail: sending messages or documents via mail server
between individuals.
• Internet Relay Chat: a synchronous communication tool
which allows a text-based ‘chat’ between different users
who are logged on at the same time.
• Usenet newsgroups: e-Bulletin board used to discuss a
particular topic , accessed by special newsreader
software.
• FTP: file transfer protocol as a standard for moving files
across internet OR a standard to upload and download
files to and from web servers. (Generally used to update
HTML files on web pages)
• Telnet: Remote access to computer system. (Ex: retailer
could check whether an item was in stock)
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Internet standards
• TCP/IP
– Transmission Control Protocol: is a transport layer
protocol that moves data between applications
– Internet Protocol: is a network layer protocol that
moves data between host computers.
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Internet standards
• IP address: unique numerical address of a computer
which connected to the internet.
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): standard which
define the way information is transmitted across the
internet between web browser and web server.
• URL (Universal Resource Locator): a web address used to
locate a web page on a web server.
• Domain name: reference for the name of a web server
and is usually selected be the identification of an
organization.
• Web content: design, text, graphical information which
form a web page.
• HTML: a standard format used to define the text and
layout of a web page. (with extension .html or .htm
• XML: a standard to transfer structured data, unlike HTML
which is purely presentational
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Example of HTML
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Managing e-Business
infrastructure
Perspectives:
– Technology infrastructure: server, client & network
– Application infrastructure: software provision (ex: search
engine, digital money, security system)
Four layer model in Technology infrastructure (Kampas, 1998):
I. Application Layer
II. System S/W Layer
III. Network Layer
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IV. Storage Layer
E-Business service, ex: CRM, SCM,
Data Mining, etc.
Web server S/W, browser, network
S/W
Physical network & transport
standard
Internal or external storage
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Application infrastructure
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Application infrastructure
Integrated process
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Differing use of applications
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Elements of e-Business to
manage
Key management issues
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Issue
Detail
Which type of e-business
application do we develop?
Example: e-Procurement,
secure online ordering, e-CRM
Which technology is needed?
Example: e-mail, web-based
ordering, EDI
How do we achieve quality of
service in application?
Requirements: business fit,
security, speed, availability and
errors
Where do we make it
happen?
Internal or external sourcing &
hosting
Application integration
Integration of e-Business
solution with legacy system,
partner system & intermediary
Which access platforms do
we support?
Mobile access, interactive
digital TV
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EDI
• Electronic Data Interchange: exchange using digital
media of structured business information, particularly for
sales transactions such as purchase orders and invoices
between buyers and sellers.
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Mobile access device
• MAD (Wireless device): PDA, laptop, cell phone
– Characteristics: ubiquity (reach ability), convenience,
plus security
• WAP (Wireless Application Protocol): technical standard
for transferring information to wireless devices
• WML (Wireless Markup Language): technical standard for
displaying mobile pages transferred by WAP
• GPRS (General Package Radio Service): GSM (Global
System for Mobile communication)-based connection
scheme which offer faster communication speed that its
origin
• 3G: Third generation of communication scheme which
offers sound and images transmitting simultaneously
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Instruments for WAP system
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Interactive digital TV system
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The future
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3rd week souvenir
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Task 1:
In case of hosting your e-B or e-C system, what
are your considerations? Explore in more
detail!
Alternative Group Task Theme:
Create a new online business in your group
preference. Do a little feasibility study! Analyze
its management issues!
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