Transcript First Encounters

Monday, July
th
27
Welcome Back!!!!
Unit Sheets
Check Binders- While doing Activity
Looking at Columbus
Lies my Teacher told me
First Encounters:
Exploration
Review
Name three tribes from Arizona.
What did the Arizona tribes farm?
How was their life different than other Native Americans in America?
Why Columbus matters
Columbus matters because after him came millions
of other Europeans who brought their art, music,
science, medicine, philosophy and religious
principles to America DESPITE him killing millions of
people…
Who were REALLY the first
Americans?
The Vikings
9th and 10th Centuries, Vikings
had discovered and colonized
Greenland and Iceland.
Greenland was the stepping stone
to the upper most part of North
America.
1000 A.D. they founded a town
named Newfoundland.
They eventually abandoned it
because of resistance from
Native Americans.
Spain Looks to the West
They wanted to explore the open
Atlantic Ocean
They admired the exploration,
exploitation and discovery
of the Canary Islands by the
Portuguese.
They hoped other islands
existed in the Atlantic
that could make Spain wealthy.
They hoped to reach China a
different way.
They DID NOT believe the world
was flat. They worried China was
too far away and their ships could
not complete the voyage West over
the vast Atlantic.
The Voyages of Chris Columbus
He was Italian and his occupation was a
mariner.
He wanted to go to China to find a way
to revive the Christian struggle against
Islam.
◦ By converting the Chinese to Christianity,
he would then count on them and their
money to assist the Europeans in a new
Crusade.
He underestimated the size of the Earth.
◦ He thought it was only 18,000 miles
around when actually it is 25,000 miles.
Columbus Sets Sail
1492, Queen Isabella and King
Ferdinand provided 3 ships, 90 men
and money so Columbus could search
for an ulterior route to China.
33 days after he set sail he reached
land.
What is now the Bahamas
Next he went South and thought
he landed in the East Indies.
This is how the term “Indian” came
about in North America.
He claimed the land for Spain which
was a Christian nation.
He felt this gave him the right and
duty to dominate the people he
found.
http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/columbus.html
Lies My Teacher Told Me by
James. W Lowen excerpt
Tuesday, July
th
28
Open House on Thursday!
Lies my teacher told me…lets go over a few!
Looking further into Columbus…teams!
Reaction to Columbus’s Voyage
He continued to explore the Caribbean islands.
He established a settlement called Hispaniola.
In early 1493, he set sail back home and left some of his crew behind.
His intentions were to make money by shipping gold, sugar, and Indian slaves
to Spain.
He returned later that year to colonize.
What he found was that the Natives had killed the crew he left behind.
Columbus sought vengeance by killing and capturing hundreds of Indians on
Hispaniola and nearby islands
News of what Columbus had done
angered colonists back in Europe.
They persuaded the King and Queen
to demand he come back.
He returned in 1500 and died 6 years later.
What happened to looking for China?
Columbus did not reach Asia but
they were excited for finding a new
area to colonize and spread their
faith.
This new land allowed Europe to
grow more powerful and wealthy than
the Muslim world.
During the next 3 centuries, the
mineral and plantation wealth of the
Americas would help finance the
expansion of Europe’s commerce.
That commerce would provide the
development of new technologies and
a strong military.
Spain and Portugal Divide America
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
The Pope aided the treaty process acting
as a mediator
Split the new world between the two
The Portuguese still had control of the
African coasts and the Indian Ocean
In return, the Spanish claimed Columbus’s
western lands
Who asked the Native Americans if their
land could be divided?
The Pope considered them to be pagan
savages without any rights.
Other European kings refused to uphold
the treaty
They wanted a shot at exploration too!
Why is America “America”?
Amerigo Vespucci (Italy)
1501, explored more of South America
and found it to be a new continent
European mapmakers began to call
the new continent by Vespucci’s first name,
eventually becoming America.
How could they conquer?
Superior weapons- steeledged swords, crossbows
(more advanced than the
Natives)
Guns
Horses were intimidating and
effective.
Disease
The Devastation of Disease
Hispaniola= 300,000 in 1492/ 500 in 1548
The Spanish also forced the Tainos to work in mines and on plantations.
◦ They were overworked and underfed leaving their bodies vulnerable to
getting sick.
Smallpox, typhus, diphtheria, bubonic plague, cholera
Some villages disappeared entirely
Spanish were mad because they needed
able-bodied Indians be their labor force.
◦ Who was going to replace them?
Population Shifts
Columbian Exchange caused large population
shifts around the world.
Bigger harvest by new American crops fueled
European population growth.
80 million in 1492 to 180 million by 1800.
Native American population dropped
7% in 1492 to less than 1% in 1800.
American colonizers brought African slaves with
them.
Four continents were deeply integrated: Europe,
Africa, South America, and North America
Is there currently a global exchange
among continents? If yes, then how
many continents and what is being
exchanged?
Pro/Con Columbus articles &
Chart
Happy Block Day!
Columbus Debate today 
Get into your two groups
◦ I will give you time to formulate your best arguments
◦ Debate- everyone must talk!
◦ I will have a sheet and will be checking you off