Transcript Exploration and Colonization - Mrs. Dickson's History Class

Exploration and Colonization
Background Information
I. Objectives #1
A. Starting to Explore!
1. Marco Polo Traveled to
China – told of great wealth
a. Gold, Spices, Silk
2. The RENAISSANCE
(REBIRTH)
a. Europe begins to use
knowledge again!!!
Leonardo da Vinci
Who was
named after…
Leonardo
He
painted
the
famous
Mona Lisa
Michaelangelo
Who was named
after….
Michaelangelo
Buonarroti
He painted the famous Sistine Chapel in the Vatican
Raphael
Raphael
Sanzio
(painter)
Donatello
b. NEW Inventions !!!
*Printing Press (More people
can read)
*Better Maps
*Astrolabe- Could tell your
latitude
*Better Ships- Travel farther
over open seas
Some of the first
maps of the world
showing North
America (Early
1500’s)
B. Goals of Exploration:
1. Find DIRECT route to Asia
a. Make $$$ by trading with
Asia (spices, no more
rotten meat, ewwww!!)
b. Cut out the middle man:
TRADE directly with East
c. Spain becomes leader
*1492 Columbus (Italian hired by
Spain) finds land (Thinks he has
reached India, hence INDIANS)
*1498 de Gama (Portugal) reaches India
Vasco de Gama’s route
to Asia
C. The ‘New’ World (North America)
1. Spain dominates southern
portion of North America
a. Three Goals:
1. GOD
2. GLORY
3. GOLD
b. Natives treated poorly (slaves)
*ecomiendas: rights granted to Spanish
to tax and enslave Natives
D. New Nations Explore
1. Northwest Passage:
a. Most Northern European nations
believed India could be reached
by going NW
Looking for a Northwest Passage to Asia
2. English Colonies
a. Ruled by Charter & Compact
(King grants company right to settle
b. Goals: Find Gold /Religious Freedom
c. Native Americans: Eng. needed their help
*Pocahontas (Chiefs Daughter) / Pilgrims
3. French Colonies:
a. Louisiana & New France (Ruled by King)
b. Goals: Fur Trade (Catholic Missionaries)
c. Native Americans: Worked well with them
**Traded goods for furs and even joined tribes
Charter for Delaware
4. Dutch Colonies (New Netherlands)
a. Ruled: local control
b. Goals: Fur Trade and Trading
*New Netherlands becomes big trade port
(New York, today)
c. Native Americans: Good / bought land (NY)
The French traded
weapons for furs
E. Native Americans deal with Europeans
1. Bad Overall!!!!!!!!!
a. Disease wipes out entire villages
*No Flu in Americas until Explorers
b. Tidal Wave of People!!!!!!
*No one could see Future = MILLIONS
2. Good & Bad
a. Spanish & English Worse
*Spanish Slavery & English Wars
b. French and Dutch Good
*Trade and Buy treat more fair
Obj #1: Describe the lifestyle of the New England colonies. Why was
Plymouth* important? Be able to name and locate the colonies from this area:
Name the first set of laws to be set-up in New England. As New England grew,
how did many New Englanders begin to make their living
I. Objectives #1
A. The New England Colonies
1. Plymouth (1614) – Become
Massachusetts
a. Wanted religious freedom
-Trying to start ‘City on the Hill’ (an example)
b. Mayflower Compact (FIRST LAWS)
-Laws set-up on ships before reaching land
c. Puritans- Very strict with religion,
everyone must act the same (no funny
stuff – it’s a sin!!!)
2. New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Is.,
Massachusetts.
3. Far North East part of English Colonies
Plymouth
Mayflower Compact
Recreation of
Plymouth
Colony
Plymouth rock
(REALLY
overrated,
seriously, just
look at the
picture and it is
better than
actually being
there!!!
B. Established: Mainly for Religious Reasons
1. Puritans settle Massachusetts Bay
(Plymouth)
2. No religious freedom to their own
people
C. Way of Life: Small farms and Ocean Trade
1. Subsistence farming (just feeds family)
a. Land too Rocky & Winter too
long for big farms
2. Ships (Goods to and from Colonies
& Europe)
3. First schools established in New England
D. Native Americans: Helped & then Hurt
a. Early settlers get a lot of help (Turkey
Day!)
b. King Phillips War
*Native Fight over moving into Indian land.
Leader (King Phillip) captured & Killed (his
people were sold into slavery)
2. Describe the lifestyle of the Middle colonies. Be able to name and locate the
colonies from this area: What country, before England, owned land in the Middle
Colonies? What type of colonial government did these colonies begin as (Hint:
someone owned them)? What was unique about Pennsylvania, give examples?
What type of crops were grown in this region?
II. Objectives #2
A. The Middle Colonies
1. Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey,
Delaware.
B. Established: Trade & Land Selling
(Speculating)
1. New York taken from Netherlands
2. Trade very important, Land settlement
3. William Penn – Quaker/Religious
Freedom
a. Believed in non-violence, buying
Indian land, and true religious freedom
C. Way of Life: Larger Farms & Business (Cash Crops)
1. Cash Crops (Selling large crops for $)
2. Start of Industry
a. Small shops start making goods
D. Native Americans: Good & Bad
1. New York, treated very bad (Many wars)
2. Pennsylvania, very good by William Penn
(Bought land instead of taking it)
3. Describe the lifestyle of the Southern colonies. Why was Jamestown*
important? Be able to name and locate the colonies from this area: What
crops were grown in the South? How did farmers in the Backwater differ from
those in the Low Country? What type of labor grew as the colonies grew?
3. The Southern Colonies
1. Jamestown (1606) – Becomes Virginia
a. Charter from King to Settle (Like a Pass)
b. Merchants wanted to find Gold
-Colonist Lazy (Expected not to work)
-Pocahontas & John Smith Save Colony
c. Tobacco Saves Colony
-Crop learned from Natives sells to Europe
-1st Slaves bought in Jamestown to work crop
*FIRST ENGLISH COLONY TO SURVIVE
2. Maryland, Virginia, N. & S. Carolina, Georgia
3. Wooded, Swampy land great for huge farms
POCAHONTAS
JOHN SMITH
She married John Rolfe,
which helped to form
peaceful relations with the
colonists and the Native
Americans.
He made an
agreement with the
Native Americans and
forced the settlers to
work harder and build
better housing.
B. Established: Trade & Land sales
1. Land for farmers
2. Georgia: Land 4 debtors/Buffer from
Spanish Florida
C. Way of Life: Huge Farms (Large Plantations)
1. Plantations develop along coast & rivers
a. Northern areas: Tobacco (Back Water)
b. Georgia/S. Carolina- Rice/Indigo (Low
Country)
2. Start of Slavery
a. Tobacco/Rice/Indigo very hard work
b. New England Traders bring slaves
from Africa on return trips of Triangle
Trade
4. Explain why and where African Slavery began in the 13 English colonies.
Name the first settlement and year that slaves were first brought to English
Colonies. Describe and name the trip between Africa and America. What crops
were slaves used to harvest?
A. Slavery in the Colonies
1. Starts 1st in Jamestown (But goes to all
Colonies)
B. Shipped from Africa - W. Indies – South (TriTrade)
1. Middle Passage- Brutal trip across Atlantic
C. Southern use it the most (Tobacco, Rice,
indigo)
Slave auctions
5. Describe how Mercantilism* worked. What trade route did Mercantilism
operate on between the colonies, Europe and Africa? What reasons do most
of these colonies have in common for being founded? Describe how the home
countries made money off this system (Use new markets & raw materials to
explain).
A. Definition of Mercantilism
1. European countries use colonies to make $$$$$
2. How?
– Raw Materials shipped from colonies to Home
Country (Lumber, Cotton)
-Home Country makes them into something in
Factories (Lumber into Furniture / Cotton into
Fabric)
-Home Country sells FINISHED GOOD back to
Colonies
B. Triangle Trade:
1. Trade between Colonies/ Europe/ Africa
2. Trade route that Mercantilism worked on
a. Trade done by New England Ships and
Captains
Mercantilism Map
The Triangle Trade