Transcript European Age of Discovery - Mr. Martin's History site

European Age of Discovery
Why Europeans were interested in
discovering new lands and some of
the important explorers
Factors contributing to the European
discovery of lands in the Western
Hemisphere
• Demand for gold, spices, and natural
resources in Europe
• Support for the diffusion of Christianity
• Political and economic competition between
European empires
• Innovations in navigational arts (European
and Islamic origins) – printing press,
astrolabe, and Mercator projection
• Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator
Establishment of overseas empires
and decimation of indigenous
populations
•Portugal—Vasco da Gama
• Spain—Christopher Columbus, Hernando
Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan
• England—Francis Drake
• France—Jacques Cartier
Means of diffusion of Christianity
• Migration of colonists to new lands
• Influence of Catholics and Protestants, who
carried their faith, language, and cultures to
new lands
• Conversion of indigenous peoples
Americas
• Expansion of overseas territorial claims and
European emigration to North and South
America
• Demise of Aztec, Maya, and Inca Empires
• Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial
rule in Latin America
• Forced migration of some Africans into
slavery
• Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social
patterns of their parent country
Africa & Asia
• European trading posts along the coast
• Trade in slaves, gold, and other products
• Colonization by small groups of merchants
(India, the Indies, China)
• Influence of trading companies (Portuguese,
Dutch, British)
Columbian Exchange
• Western Hemisphere agricultural products
such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco changed
European lifestyles.
• European horses and cattle changed the
lifestyles of American Indians (First
Americans).
• European diseases like smallpox killed many
American Indians (First Americans).
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
• Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to
the use of African slaves.
• Slavery was based on race.
• European plantation system in the Caribbean
and the Americas destroyed indigenous
economics and damaged the environment.
• The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa,
and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum
were traded.
Export of precious metals
• Gold and silver (exported to Europe and Asia)
• Impact on indigenous empires of the
Americas
• Impact on Spain and international trade
Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations
• developed advanced and complex societies
before the arrival of the Europeans-(mathcalendar)
• established extensive trade with Pacific Rim
nations
• were strongly influenced by their contact
with Asian and African civilizations
• were relatively large, but not well organized
Which was an immediate result of the
European Age of Exploration?
A. Islamic culture spread across Africa and Asia
B. European influence spread to the Western
hemisphere
C. Independence movements developed in Asia
and Africa
D. Military dictatorships were established
throughout Europe
Answer is B.
A major result of the Age of
Exploration was
A. A long period of peace and prosperity for the
nations of Western Europe
B. Extensive migration of the peoples from the
Western hemisphere to Europe and Asia
C. The fall of European national monarchies and
the end of the power of the Catholic Church
D. The end of regional isolation and the beginning
of a period of European global domination
Answer is D.
Which of these events during the Age
of Exploration was a cause of the
other three?
A. Europeans brought food, animals and ideas from
one continent to the another
B. European diseases had an adverse (bad) effect
on the native populations of new territories
C. Warfare increased as European nations
competed for land and power
D. Advances in learning and technology made long
ocean voyages possible
Answer is D.
The Native American population in 1492 was est.
to be 25 million and by 1608 it was est. to be 1.7
million. This decrease was mainly a result of
A. Crop failures brought on by poor weather
conditions
B. Emigration of Native Americans to Europe and
Africa
C. Wars between various native groups
D. Diseases introduced by the Spanish
Answer is D.
In Latin America during the early period of
Spanish colonialism, the deaths of large numbers
of the native people led to
A. A decline in Spanish immigration to the
Americas
B. The removal of most Spanish troops from the
Americas
C. The importation of slaves from Africa
D. Improved health care in the colonies
Answer C.
The influence of African culture on some areas
of Latin America was largely a result of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
American Revolution
Building of the Panama Canal
Success of Communist Revolutions
Atlantic slave trade
Answer is D.
One result of the European conquest of
Latin America was that in Latin America
A.
B.
C.
D.
Spanish became the major spoken language
Native American cultures flourished
The Aztec religion spread
Many parliamentary democracies were
established
Answer is A.
In Latin America, the Maya and the Aztec
civilizations were similar in that they
A. Showed little evidence of urbanization (cities)
B. Lacked a strong central government
C. Developed complex mathematical and
calendar systems
D. Used military weapons superior to those of
Europeans
Answer is C.
The printing press, the astrolabe and the Mercator
projection were technological advances that
contributed to the
A. Exploration and overseas expansion of the
colonial empires
B. Unification of Germany and Italy in the late
1800’s
C. Growth of industry in Latin America in the late
1900’s
D. Spread of Islam in the 700’s and 800’s
Answer is A.
Commercial Revolution
• Mercantilism: An economic practice adopted
by European colonial powers in an effort to
become self-sufficient; based on the theory
that colonies existed for the benefit of the
mother country.
Commercial Revolution
• European maritime nations competed for
overseas markets, colonies, and resources.
• A new economic system emerged.
• New money and banking systems were created.
• Economic practices such as mercantilism
evolved.
• Colonial economies were limited by the
economic needs of the mother country.
Pioneers of the scientific revolution
• Nicolaus Copernicus: Developed heliocentric
theory
• Johannes Kepler: Discovered planetary motion
• Galileo Galilei: Used telescope to support
heliocentric theory
• Isaac Newton: Discovered Laws of Gravity
• William Harvey: Discovered circulation of the
blood
Importance of the scientific revolution
• Emphasis on reason and systematic
observation of nature
• Formulation of the scientific method
• Expansion of scientific knowledge
Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac
Newton promoted the idea that
knowledge should be based on
A.
B.
C.
D.
The experiences of past civilizations
Experimentation and observation
Emotions and feelings
The teachings of the Catholic Church
Answer is B.
Which was a result of the Commercial
Revolution
A. Decline in population growth in Europe
B. Shift of power from Western Europe to
Eastern Europe
C. Spread of feudalism throughout Western
Europe
D. Expansion of European influence overseas
Answer is D
Which system developed as a result of
the Commercial Revolution
A.
B.
C.
D.
Manorialism
Communism
Bartering
Market economy
Answer is D
According to the theory of
mercantilism, colonies should be
A. Acquired as markets and sources of raw
materials
B. Considered an economic burden for the
colonial power
C. Grated independence as soon as possible
D. Encouraged to develop their own industries
Answer is A.
Which statement best describes the
effects of the works of Nicolaus
Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac
Newton, and Rene´ Descartes?
A. The acceptance of traditional authority was
strengthened.
B. The scientific method was used to solve problems
C. Funding to education was increased by the English
government.
D. Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed
Answer is B
Which was a characteristic of the policy of
mercantilism followed by Spanish colonial
rulers in Latin America?
A. The colonies were forced to develop local industries to
support themselves
B. Spain sought trade agreements between its colonies
and the English colonies in North America
C. The colonies were required to provide raw materials to
Spain and to purchase Spanish manufactured goods
D. Spain encouraged the colonies to develop new
political systems to meet colonial needs
Answer is C