Transcript Slide 1

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TWO MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS OF TODAY:
•
MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
•
INTERNET
Interestingly, mobile subscribers are increasingly demanding
Internet access while on the move and at increasingly high speeds;
thereby resulting in the Convergence of the above two technological
trends leading to the birth of “Broadband” (application) and 3G/4G
Technologies (enablers)
Paradigm shift - Internet goes Mobile
….Continued
Contd…
Statistics at a glance:
(i) Global Mobile Subscriber growth has been phenomenal
from zero levels in 1992 to cross the landline’s billion by
2002 and the climb to 2.6 billion by Dec. 2006,
(ii) The global mobile phone market is set to grow to 4 - 4.5 billion by 2011
fuelled by strong demand from developing economies in Asia and Latin
America.
(iii) Almost 1 billion handsets sold per year.
(iv) 1 billion internet users by Dec. 06.
(v) 275 billion broadband connections.
(vi) Around 2010, data traffic likely to exceed voice traffic.
All the above point to a remarkable development that is changing the world and
the way be communicate!
INDIAN SCENARIO
Fixed subscribers
Mobile
Gross
Tele density
Rural Tele density
-
40 million
140 million
180 million
Around 18%
< 3%
Broadband subscribers - 2 Million
Internet Users
- 50Million
PCs
- 5 Million
Target by 2007
Target by 2010
-
250 Million subscribers.
10 Million broadband connections
500 Million subscribers.
20 Million broadband connections
2007 has been declared as the year of Broadband.
Internet & Broad-band Services in India
(Issues)

Low Internet usage

Low PC penetration

Lack of local content

Tariffs ( for access and services)

Security of Information
WHAT IS BROADBAND?
• No universal definition of Broadband
• Simply put, it refers to internet access at speeds faster than
56 Kbps dial up.
• ITU REC. I -113 defines it as transmission capacity faster than
Primary Rate ISDN (at 2 Mbps).
• DOT Broadband policy 2004 defines “Broadband Connectivity”
as “an always-on data connection that is able to support
various interactive services and has the capacity of a minimum
download speed of 256 Kbps.
BENEFITS OF BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY
• It is Fast
• It is Always-on
• It is charged on a flat rate
The real gift of broadband is the greater scope it provides for
developing applications and services whether by enhancing
existing ones, or enabling new ones.
Broadband Services
These refer to the new generation of high speed information
services which allow users to access internet related services
(supported by traditional dial-up services) at significantly
higher speeds. In addition, new services are being
developed such as viewing good quality live video or
downloading large MP3 files. Some of these services are:
• Video-on-demand
• Interactive games
• Video conferencing
• Tele-education
• Tele-medicine
• Music/movie downloads
• On line shopping & browsing
• E Governance
BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
Wireless Systems
- MMDS/LMDS (For point to multipoint two way broadband services)
- Satellite (VSAT, DTH terminals)
- Free Space Optics (also called optical wireless, it enables optical
transmission of data/voice/video through open
space (without fiber) within LOS ranges)
- Wi-Fi/Wi-Max
- 3G Technologies such as WCDMA, CDMA 2000
Wireline Systems
- ISDN
- DSL
- Cable TV Modem
- Power lines
WIRELINE Vs WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Each of the Wireline and Wireless technologies has its own
pros and cons and no single technology would be found to
be suited for all networks and countries.
• While Wireline technologies such as DSL and Cable may be
better options for the existing operators (since these utilize
the existing legacy infra-structure), the wireless technologies
may be the chosen broadband access options for the new
operators without easy access to phone or cable infrastructure, to span the last mile, since it is cheap as well as
quick-to-deploy.
MAIN CHALLENGES
FOR
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Spectrum constraints
• To guarantee Quality of Service
• To ensure Over-the-Air Security
• To make the interfaces open to ensure inter-operability
in a multi-vendor environment.
EVOLUTION OF MOBILE SYSTEMS
• Pre Cellular – e.g. IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone System) –
Analog FM System used in mid 1960s.
• 1G - e.g. AMPS, TACS, ETACS, NMT – Partially digital, used
from early 1980s in 800 MHz-900 MHz bands.
• 2G – e.g. IS 95, GSM – Fully digital, used from early 1990s,
in bands 800, 900, 1700, 1800 and 1900 MHz, Voice Centric with
limited data capabilities and SMS.
• 3G – e.g. CDMA 2000, WCDMA – Supporting voice plus high
speed packet data services.
• 4G - ?
PARADIGM SHIFT
In 1G - emphasis was on technology, in particular on the evolution
of network infra-structure to address the New World of
mobility.
In 2G - manufacturers were striving to meet consumer demand for
ever smaller phones with longer battery life and advanced
features.
In 3G - focus will now be on content and multimedia applications.
Voice telephony will be complemented by services beyond
voice.
IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio
Interfaces
Key IMT2000 Requirements:
High Speed Packet Data
144k - Vehicular
 384 - Pedestrian
 2Mb - Indoor
 Global Roaming
UIM - Based on SIM

IMT-2000
CDMA
Direct Spread
UMTS
IMT-2000
CDMA
Multi-Carrier
cdma2000
1X and 3X
IMT-2000
CDMA
TDD
UTRA TDD
& TD-SCDMA)
IMT-2000
TDMA
Single Carrier
IMT-2000
FDMA/
TDMA
UWC-136/
EDGE
DECT
3G Partnership Projects
• Two partnership projects have been established to
accelerate all aspects of 3G standardization
3rd Generation
Partnership Project
TTC
TTC
3GPP for evolved GSM & UTRA
3GPP2 for evolved ANSI-41 & cdma2000
• Main thrust of each project is to find commonality for their
respective standards across regions
• Global harmonization could enable:
–lower overall costs
–faster product cycles
–faster operator implementation of 3G services
IMT-2000
CAPABLE SYSTEMS
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
PDC
CdmaOne
TDMA
IS-136
TODAY 2G
19.2 Kbps
WCDMA
Cdma 2000
TDMA/
GPRS
2000 EVOLVED 2G
64-115 Kbps
TDMA/
EDGE
3G
115-384 Kbps 0.384-2 Mbps
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Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution and Convergence
2005
GSM
WCDMA
2006
3G Technology Evolution
2007-2009
HSDPA
HSUPA
LTE
3G Technology Evolution
CDMA 2000
1x EV-DO
EV-DO Rev A
2010+
EV-DO Rev B, C
4G
(IMT-Advanced)
likely
OFDMA
based
3G Technology Evolution
Wi-Fi
OFDM
802.16e
OFDMA
802.16e
MIMO-OFDMA
Broadband Wireless Technology Evolution
Source: Rysavvy Research
Wireless technologies evolving to OFDMA Integration
drives adoption
4G
As the first implementations of 3G are beginning to roll out, the
shortcomings of 3G networks are already being discussed and the
scientists/researchers have begun to talk of 4G which, at this initial
stages, implies “improvement and the fixing of lingering 3G
problems, apart from increasing data speeds beyond 2 Mbps”.
The limitations and difficulties of 3G include:
• Multiple radio technologies
• Multiple frequency spectrum
• User Information rates limited to 2 Mbps
Due to multiple frequency spectrum and radio technologies, worldwide roaming is still not possible and multiband and multimode
terminals would be extremely costly.
4G Vision
There will not be a single network branded as 4G in the same
way that there is 2G GSM or 3G UTRAN. Instead, 4G will be
a collection of networks and a wide variety of smart devices
communicating with each other.
The 4G technology will provide for a collection of different
kinds of multiple access networks in which a user can gain
access to a portal on the Internet (or whatever the entity) by the
most appropriate means.
The user will not have to know which network provides the
service. The smart device can analyze its environment and
choose the best available service provider and technology
(service discovery).
Contd….
Contd…..
Both the network entities and the smart devices will be able to
configure themselves so that they can adapt to new requirements.
The emergence of fourth generation of mobile services will allow
Users to connect to different networks depending on their location.
For example, a handset could connect a wireless local area network
(WLAN) when inside a building, switch to a 3G mast when outside,
And connect to a standard network in areas with no 3G coverage.
4G is supposed to be an all IP Network with higher bit rates,
enhanced Multimedia services, smooth streaming videos, worldwide
Access/roaming capability, Intelligent software as driven technique.
OFDM-UWB (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Ultra
Wide Band) as representative standard, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA as
Multi access techniques, low cost and tight security network.
Existing Scenario
Separate Service Networks
Data
Networks
PSTN/ISDN
PLMN
Services
Separate Access, Transport & Switching Networks
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NGN Scenario
Services
Managed IP/MPLS
Transport
Access
Independence of services from underlying transport technologies
Principles of Fixed Mobile Convergence
PSTN
HSS- Home Subscriber Server
APP- Application (server)
IMS based FMC solution
RAN- Radio Access Network
Fixed-Line Network
PSTN
(TDM)
Softswitch
FMC
4G
1G
FDMA
2G
TDMA
/CDMA IS-95
Mobile Network
Figure1: Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)
3G
WCDMA
CDMA2000
IMS
Key takeaways
- Mobile has become the dominant means for accessing
communications particularly in developing countries.
(The “1 billion” figure of global mobile subscriber base was reached (in 2002)-some
23 years after NTT DoCoMo launched the first Cellular System in 1979, whereas
the next 500 million mark was reached (in 2004) –just after 2 years and the “2
billion” figure was reached in 2005).
-Mobile networks are fast moving towards “All IP” networks.
-There is a shift in the wireless business model from a technology and
device driven world to a service-and experience-centred world.
-The debate of wired Vs wireless will end in the NGN era through Fixed
Mobile Convergence (FMC).
- FMC will combine the convenience, freedom of movement and
personaised services of the wireless world with the high quality
and speed of fixed communication.
SOME IMPORTANT STANDARDIZATION BODIES
1. 3GPP
(http://www.3gpp.org)
2. 3GPP2
(http://www.3gpp2.org)
3. UWCC
(http://www.uwcc.org)
4. ETSI
(http://wwwetsi.org)
5. ITU
(http://www.itu.int)
6. MWIF
(http://www.mwif.org)
7. 3G.IP
(http://www.3gip.org)
8. IETF
(http://www.ietf.org)
9. UMTS Forum (http://www.umts-forum.org)
10. WAP Forum (http://www.wapforum.org)
11. SDR
(http://www.sdrforum.org)
12. BLUETOOTH Forum (http://www.bluetoothforum.org)
13. 4G BRAIN PROJECT (http://www.ist-brain.org)
14. Wireless Communications Association (WCA)
15. Broadband Wireless Association (BWA)
16. Metro Ethernet Forum
17. International Packet Communications Consortium (IPCC)
For further details,
You may contact Deepa Tyagi at
E-mail address:
[email protected]
Tel. :91-11-2 3329333
Fax :91-11-2 3730045
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