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Journal 11/6

Write down anything you already know about Ancient Greece?

Date/Copy/Answer

You will need a book today!!!
Journal 11/7

How has the geography affected ancient Greece?

Copy/Date/Answer

Books!!!!
Journal 11/11

How has geography affected ancient Greece?

Copy/Date/Answer

Books!

Turn to page 101.

Look at the list of main events that we will learn about in the next
unit.

Select two of the main events that you would really like to know
more about and write down at least two questions for each.

We will take time after the unit to go back and see if we answered
your questions.

Work on your assessment for unit 2.

Get together with your partners if needed

Use your notes and the textbook for help

Ask for a pass to get a laptop for research if you chose the presentation
or the essay.
Journal 11/13

Why does conflict occur between civilizations?

Copy/Date/Answer
Sparta vs. Athens
CH. 5 SEC. 3
The Geography

Sparta

Athens

Located on the Peloponnesus

Located on the Attic Peninsula

In a valley


Isolated and mountainous
One of the least fertile areas in
Greece

Turned to the sea and many
became sea traders

Built on the hill, or the acropolis
Spartan Military

The Peloponnesus was invaded and conquered by foreigners.

Forced people to work for them, Helots.

Conquered the capital, Sparta.

Spartans controlled the lives of their citizens from birth to death.


Every adult male a member of the military.

Military worked to control Helots and expand Spartan power.
Spartan fighting men began at birth.

Newborns were examined and those who were not healthy were left to
die.

At 7, boys went to live in military barracks.

18-20 they trained specifically for war.

Began military service at 20 and could now marry but not live at home
Athenian Military

The Athenian trireme allowed the navy to protect the Athenian way
of life.

Athenians were more focused on philosophy, art, architecture, and
drama.
Sparta’s Social Structure

A highly militarized society made up of 3 social classes:
Equals – descendants of the invaders
1.

Controlled the city-states

Land divided equally among them and their families

Given helots to work their land
Half-Citizens
2.

They were free, paid taxes, and served in the army

Held no political power

Some farmed, others lived in town and worked in trade and industry

Some even were rich
Helots – conquered people that became slaves
3.

Spartans decided how they should work and live

However, they outnumbered the Spartans

Spartans had to use force to control them – one reason why they developed a military society

Were systematically terrorized by the Spartans to keep them from rebelling
Women’s Roles

Spartans

Wives and mothers had to
be strong and healthy

Strict physical training

Taught to be devoted to
the city-state

Controlled home and land
while husbands were
fighting

“Come back with your
shield, or on it.”

Athenians

Isolated in the home

Not educated

No rights

Responsible for handicrafts
and textiles
Education


Sparta

Military school for boys at age 7.

Lived in barracks until the age of 30.

Girls learned athletics
Athens

Boys learned mathematics, reading, writing, poetry, music,
gymnastics

No formal education for girls
Spartan Government

Two Kings



One led the army while the other took care of matters at home.
Council of Elders – 28 male citizens above 60

Wealthy, aristocratic men

Proposed laws and served as a criminal court
An assembly – all male citizens over 30 years old

Voted to accept or reject proposed laws by the council.

Elected 5 ephors (made sure king stayed within the law) for one yearterms.

Complete control over education of young Spartans.
Athenian Government

Monarchy > Aristocratic gov’t

Draco (an archon) wrote down the 1st written law code in the 600’s
B.C.


Citizens being sold into slavery to pay their debts


Very strict and harsh – why harsh laws are called draconian law.
Later, an archon named Solon, settled the debts and disputes between
creditors and debtors by erasing the debt of the poor and outlawing
slavery for debt.
Solon divided citizens into four groups based on wealth.

The two richest could hold public office

His changes did not solve Athens problems.
Athens – Birthplace of Democracy

In about 507 B.C., Cleisthenes took control and turned Athens into a
democracy.

1st divided citizens into 10 tribes.

Each tribe chose 50 men to be part of the council of 500.


Served for only one year terms.

Proposed laws to the assembly.

Courts became more democratic with jurors for which each man could
plead his case.
Direct democracy – all citizens participated directly in making
decisions.
Achievements

Sparta

Athens

Military contributions


The phalanx – standing or moving
together as a unit
Philosophy, art, drama,
architecture, drama

Democracy

Training and fighting styles
Travel Brochure

Create a travel brochure that would persuade someone to visit
either Athens or Sparta.

The product should demonstrate student's knowledge of a city-state
in terms of its strengths and weaknesses (including its cultural
activities, recreation, athletics, architecture, famous sites, school
system, accommodation, transport, food, etc.);

Be complete in terms of the requested information (map,
advantages or selling points, and optional travel alert).

Be visually attractive and convey a message!
Journal 11/14

Free Write
Date/Copy/Answer
 Brochures!
 Current Events!

Videos

Athens


Spartans


http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece/videos/the-battle-ofmarathon?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
The Peloponnesian War


http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece/videos/deconstructinghistory-spartans?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
The Persian Wars ( Battle of Marathon)


http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece/videos/deconstructinghistory-the-acropolis?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece/videos/the-peloponnesianwar?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
The Persian Wars ( Battle of Marathon)

http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece/videos/the-battle-ofmarathon?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
Journal 11/17

What does philosophy mean? What is it trying to explain?

Assessments and Books!!!
Essential Questions

What are the basic ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?

What are the main achievements of the golden age?

If you are finished with your assessment, read Chapter 6 sections 1 &
2. This would be a good time to take notes.

For the first section: read through it first, take notes on what the golden
age means but do not focus too much on the specifics of the art.

Read through the second section. Take notes and focus on the three
philosophers of ancient Greece that it talks about.

Use your phones/tablets to look at some outside sources if possible about
each of their philosophies.
The Golden Age

In the 400’s B.C. Greece entered a new era of cultural progress.

Athens was the symbol of the golden age.

A center of learning and artistic achievement
Architecture

Public buildings

Acropolis

Parthenon
Painting
Sculpture
Myron
Phidias
Praxiteles
The Rise of Philosophy


One of the Greeks greatest achievements was the development of
philosophy.

The study of basic questions of reality and human existence.

“lover of wisdom”
1st Greek philosophers were Thales and Miletus.

Wanted to understand the nature of the cosmos or universe.

Cosmologists
Journal 11/19 & 11/20

How are the three Greek Philosophers connected?

Date/Copy/Answer
SOCRATES
PLATO
ARISTOTLE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KWNIBGCTvQ
If you were Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle……

How do you view education?

How do you view the world?

What special views do you hold?

What are your views on government?
Beyond the Movie: Alexander the
Great

Watch the video and answer the questions about Alexander the
Great

http://www.snagfilms.com/films/title/beyond_the_movie_alexander
_the_great

Keep your questions they will be turned in on Monday!

NO TALKING!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Alexander The Great Diary Entry
Assignment

You have all of class to work on this assignment. If you need to go to
the MPR to get a laptop you may do so, just take the pass with you!!!

You may also use your textbooks to gather some information.
(section 3 chapter 6) (pg. 138)
Beyond the Movie: Alexander the
Great

Watch the video and answer the questions about Alexander the
Great

http://www.snagfilms.com/films/title/beyond_the_movie_alexander
_the_great

Keep your questions they will be turned in on Monday!

NO TALKING!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Alexander the
Great
CHAPTER 6 SECTION 3
Journal 11/25

Why should you go on to higher education?

What type of school will you be looking for? Why?

Date/Copy/Answer
What is the golden age?
What? When? Where?

An era of great cultural progress throughout Greece

Athens at the center of the progress

Architecture

Art

Philosophy
Phillip II

After the golden age, Greece entered a new
era as city- states battled for power making it
a much weaker united front.

However, the region to the north of Greece
was a kingdom on the rise.

Macedonia was a warlike kingdom ruled by
kings with the support of the nobles.

In 359 B.C. Phillip II became king, who
recruited and organized the best –disciplined
army in their history.

He admired Greek ways and even adopted
their fighting strategy by organizing his army
into a phalanx.
Phillip's Conquest
His goal was to unite all of Macedonia.
 When he succeeded, he turned his attention to the
mainland of Greece.



Some Athenians saw him as a savior, others saw him as a
threat to their freedom.
Demosthenes, a great public speaker, led the
opposition with his fiery speeches.

The city-states proved unsuccessful as they fell to Phillip's
army.

He defeated Thebes and Athens at the Battle of
Chaeronea.
With his victory he united Greece under his rule.
 In 336 B.C. he was assassinated and succeeded by his
son Alexander.

Alexander’s Conquests




A great leader!!!

Alexander received the best training in the Macedonian army under his
father.

Received the best education from the philosopher Aristotle.
He silenced the rebellions that took place in Greece after his fathers
death and by 331 B.C. he had completely destroyed Persia.

Conquered Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia all along the way.

His goal was to bring the known world together under one empire.
He led his troops toward India, meeting little resistance to his army
along the way.

By the time he reached the Indus River his army was tired of fighting and
would not go on.

He was forced to return to Persia.
Alexander died in 323 B.C. after being seriously ill.
Alexander’s Achievements

Everywhere Alexander went he purposely spread Greek culture.

He founded numerous cities.


Worked to bring the Persians and the Greeks together.


Had Macedonians, Persians, and Greeks work together to govern the
empire.
His reign spread a new culture to much of the world.


Many named Alexandria in his honor.
Hellenistic culture – “Greek-like” way of life; combined values of the
Mediterranean and Asia.
Hellenistic age lasted from his death until the Roman conquest of
Greece in 146 B.C.
Stop and Jot

What is the one battle that Alexander lost?
After Alexander’s Death

His generals competed for his empire.

In 301 B.C. they decided to divide it into three main kingdoms:

Macedon

Egypt

Syria

And several smaller kingdoms

Kingdoms were often at war with each other

In about 200 B.C. Roman legions conquered most of the former
Hellenistic empire.
Work on Timeline

Then you may work on your diary entry assignment. It will be due
next Monday!
Journal 12/2

What caused the break up of Alexander’s empire?
Copy/Answer/Date
 Journals due Friday!

Alexander The Great Diary Entries

Pick your favorite/best diary entry that you wrote for Alexander the
Great.

Turn to your partner and take turns sharing that one.

Discuss the events that occur in your diary entry and why you chose
to write about it.
Founding the
Roman Republic
CHAPTER 7

Around 750 B.C. a group of villages along the Tiber River formed
what would become the center of Roman civilization in western
Italy.

Influenced heavily by Greek culture
Geography

The geography of Italy played a major role in the rise of Roman
power. However, it also had a lot of downfalls.

Organize these characteristics of their geography into a pro/con
chart and explain why it could be a pro or a con:

The alps to the north

Located on the Italian peninsula

Mediterranean Sea to the South

Adriatic Sea to the east

Apennine Mountains in the east

Alps in the north- with several pathways that cut through the mountains

Long Coastline
Pros
• Alps in the north provide
shelter to the civilization.
• A great central location to
control the Eastern and
Western halves of the region.
• The Apennine mountains
were not very rugged, which
made early trade and travel
relatively easy.
• Being surrounded by sea
allows them to easily trade
and interact with nearby
civilizations in the
Mediterranean region.
Cons
• Alps in the north separate Italy from
the rest of Europe, making it difficult
to interact.
• The pathways that cut through the
mountains allowed for the
movement of people, however, it
also allowed enemy armies to
stream into Italy over centuries.
• Their long coastline leaves them
vulnerable to attack by the sea.
The Beginning of an Empire

Around 2,000 B.C. invaders started to sweep through the Italian Peninsula
from the north of the Black and Caspian seas.

Around 700 B.C. a group of people called the Latins moved into the
plains region called Latium in west-central Italy.



They built villages along the Tiber River which later united to form Rome
In the late 600’s B.C., they came under the rule of the Etruscan kings from
northern Italy.

They had a written language, which the Romans later adopted

Very advanced people: knew how to pave roads, drain marshes, and
construct sewers

Made Rome a large and prosperous city
Greeks also settled in ancient Italy.

Colonies in southern Italy and on the island of Sicily became city-states that
were disunited and quarrelsome.

Heavily influenced Roman culture
The Early Roman Republic

The Etruscan kings were eventually overthrown by wealthy
landowners around 509 B.C.


They established a republic: a form of government in which voters
elect officials to run the state.


They vowed to never again be ruled by a monarch
Only adult male citizens could vote and take part in gov’t
Three important groups of citizens helped govern the republic:
1.
The Senate
2.
The Magistrates
3.
Assemblies
The Senate

The most important and powerful branch

Controlled public funds and made decisions
on foreign policy

Sometimes it also acted as a court

In times of emergency, the senators could
propose that a citizen be named dictator or
absolute ruler.

A dictator could rule up to six months with
complete control over the army and courts.
The Magistrates
The second group of Roman leaders were elected officials that
included consuls, praetors, and censors.
 Two officials were elected to one-year terms as consuls, or chief
executives.




Consuls ran the gov’t and commanded the army

They were powerful, yet they governed with advice from the senate

Each consul could veto, or refuse to approve the acts of the other.
Romans elected the praetors to help the consuls.

In times of war, they commanded the armies

In times of peace, they oversaw the Roman legal system
Censors were people that registered citizens according to their wealth,
appointed candidates to the senate, and oversaw the moral conduct
of all citizens.
Stop and Jot
So far what principles have you
noticed from Roman government that
the U.S. and other modern societies
use?
Assemblies

Several assemblies existed in the republic.

Citizens in these assemblies voted on laws and
elected officials, including consuls.


Some voted to make war or peace, while others
served as courts.
Elected 10 officials called tribunes, who had some
power over actions by the senate and other
public officials.

If they believed actions were not in the public
interest, they could refuse to approve them.
The Conflict of Orders

The types of people who served as officials in the Roman gov’t
changed over time.




Changes were a result of the common people to win more rights
The early republic was divided into two classes:

Patricians: powerful landowners who controlled gov’t; inherited their power.

Plebeians: most of the population that were farmers and workers; had fewer
rights
Plebeians worked to increase their power through demands and strikes.

They earned the right to join the army, hold gov’t office, form their own
assembly and elect tribunes.

Forced the gov’t to write down laws.
After 342 B.C. many became powerful and wealthy and joined with the
patricians to form the Roman nobility.
The Republic Grows

During the years of the Roman republic, they fought many wars
against neighboring people.

By about 256 B.C. they controlled all of Italy south of the Rubicon, a
river on Italy’s northeast coast.

Extended their empire with a well-organized, impressive army and
with wise political policies.

Every adult male citizen was required by law to serve in the army legions

Strict army discipline

Romans granted full citizenship to inhabitants of nearby Italian cities
they conquered because they wanted them to be loyal to Rome.

Granted partial citizenship to the people of more distant cities, leaving
them independent but requiring them to provide soldiers for the army.

With a pair (one other person) create an organizational chart of the
Roman republic government.

Compare/Contrast with the government of the United States.

When you are finished study for your quiz Thursday on Ancient Greece.

10 matching

10 multiple choice

2 short answer
Journal 12/4

What is one pro and one con about the geography of the early
Roman Republic.

Date/Copy/Answer

Journals due tomorrow!!!

By the middle 200’s B.C., the Roman Republic controlled all of the
Italian Peninsula.

They wanted to continue to expand their territory and power, and
so they came into conflict with Carthage.

Carthage was a strong city on the coast of Africa that also had
colonies on the island of Sicily.

Carthaginians feared the Romans would try to take over Sicily.

Romans feared the Carthaginians would control the Mediterranean and
prevent their expansion and control.
The First Punic War

264 B.C.

The Romans captured a ship from the Carthaginian navy and
replicated it to make their own navy.

They built boarding bridges on their models so that they could ram the
ships from Carthage, let down the bridge, and allow soldiers to board
and take over the enemy ship.

After 23 years of fighting in 241 B.C., Carthage surrendered and had
to give up Sicily as well as pay for the damages of the war.

Rome now had a major strategic territory outside the mainland of
Italy.
The Second Punic War

218 B.C.

Hannibal, a great general, organized a massive Carthaginian army in Spain with
foot soldiers, horse soldiers, and elephants.


They made a very difficult journey across the Alps into Italy, which unfortunately killed
many of the soldiers.
However, the Romans were still no match to the Carthaginians and lost several
battles causing them to retreat.

Hannibal still did not have the equipment needed to attack the cities, so he laid low in
the countryside, raiding farms and taking crops and livestock.

He also tried to win over Rome’s allies, which was not successful because of the
Roman policy of sharing citizenship, the allies were forever loyal to Rome.

Rome decided to take a big risk and invade Africa and threaten Carthage.

Hannibal was ordered to return to Carthage to fight the Romans, where he was
defeated by the Roman general, Scipio

Again Carthage had to pay for damages and give up their navy and colonies
in Spain.

Carthage had lost a lot of power and now Rome was the most powerful in the
Mediterranean.
The Third Punic War


Hate for Carthage was still prominent with the Romans and they
decided they wanted to completely destroy them!

They declared war again in 149 B.C.

Carthage was destroyed shortly after in 146 B.C.
The Romans also wanted to get revenge on Macedonia for allying
with Carthage in the second Punic War.

Romans started a war and defeated them in 197 B.C.

The Greek cities were now under Roman protection

Rome had extended its control over the entire region.
Problems with Expansion


Because Rome now controlled so much territory they had to
change the way they governed.

They stayed a republic, but the Senate gained complete control over
the army and foreign policy.

Nobles gained even more power.
They governed the new territories, called provinces very loosely.

Did not allow their people to become citizens and did not make them
allies.

They were basically subjects of Rome.

Governors backed by the Roman army administered the provinces
with little care about the people.

Tax collectors tried to get as much money from this as possible.
Problems at Home
When the Romans returned from the Punic Wars they were devastated
to find their livestock killed, their homes destroyed, and vineyards
uprooted.
 Farmers had little money to restore their farms so they were forced to
sell their land.


Eventually they had to become dependent on the provinces for grain, the
main food.
Many of the farmers moved to the cities and had to depend on the
gov’t for food when they could not find jobs.
 However, trade within their empire (with the provinces) created a class
of business people and landowners called equites.


They had great power and wealth

The gap between the rich and the poor , powerful and powerless,
continued to grow.
12/5 Good Morning!!!

Get all your journals together and ready to turn in!

Check with a partner to make sure you have the same ones

Current Events!

Books!!!!!!
The Birth of the
Roman Empire
The Social War

The allies of Rome throughout the peninsula wanted to share in the
benefits of Rome's growing power.

Wanted to hold public office and be considered "citizens"

The Senate did not agree because they wanted to maintain
ultimate power

In 91 the allies rebelled and a war started called the social war.


The allies were well trained because they served in the Roman army
before.

One of the bloodiest wars in Rome's history.
Ultimately, Rome had won, but the Senate agreed to allow the allies
political participation and citizenship.
Political Change
The Birth of the Roman Empire
Get with a partner
 Read through the chapter by sections, stopping after each section to
discuss major points to take away from the section. Write them down
separately for your notes by
 Sections to stop after:



The Social War

The First Triumvirate

The Rule of Caesar

The Second Triumvirate

Octavion

The Pax Romana Emporers
After discussing it with a partner, come to the board and write one
thing that is worth remembering for each section on the board.
12/10