Transcript WORLD HISTORY Ancient Greece

World History Transition
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Take an Answer Sheet from the table.
You will NOT need your folders, today.
Have a seat.
Take everything off your desk, except a
pencil/pen.
– Put all cell phones away until Big Bad Wolf says it’s
okay to get them out!
– Fill-in all the required information at the top of your
Answer Sheet.
– Exam # is “1st 9”
• Quietly await further instructions.
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10/10 Work Period Priorities
• Assignment #9
• Assignment #10 – Hot priority!
• Assignment #11 – Hot priority!
• Assignment #15 – Questions 1-3.
• Complete/turn-in any missing assignments
1-8.
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• Which of the following was/were TRUE
concerning citizens in ancient Greece?
a) freeborn Greek men were citizens
b) women were not considered citizens
c) slaves were NOT citizens
d) all of the above
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• We get modern English words like “police,” “politics,”
and “politician” from the name of the central unit of
Greek political life. This unit could include towns,
villages, and the surrounding countryside and could vary
in size from a few acres to several hundred square miles.
It was called the
a) agora
b) polis
c) county
d) nation-state
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• A _____________ is one who loves
wisdom for its own sake.
a) politician
b) philosopher
c) king
d) comedian
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• ____________ : Greece :: ziggurat :
Sumeria.
a) agora
b) forum
c) town square
d) stadium
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• ______________ was the Greek
philosopher who was thought to be
subversive and dangerous by Greek
political authorities.
a) Plato
b) Socrates
c) Homer
d) Aristotle
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• By 150 BCE, Hellenism was in decline as
______________ grew stronger.
a) Rome
b) Athens
c) Carthage
d) Paris
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• The conquests of Alexander the Great
created the
a) Dark Ages, a time of great sadness for the Greek
people
b) Hellenistic Era, an age that saw the expansion of the
Greek language and Greek ideas to the non-Greek
world
c) Macedonian Age, a period of advancement in art
d) Age of Lawlessness, a period of extreme cruelty and
anarchy
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• ______________ is/was the city most
closely associated with the Hellenism of
Alexander the Great (the one located in
near the Nile Delta in Egypt.
a) Cairo
b) Alexandria
c) Memphis
d) Tel Aviv
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Applicable Georgia Standard(s)
SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical,
and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies
from 700 BCE to 400 CE.
a. Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman
Republic, and the Roman Empire.
b. Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and describe the diffusion of Greek
culture by Aristotle’s pupil Alexander the Great and the impact of
Julius and Augustus Caesar.
c. Analyze the contributions of Hellenistic and Roman culture; include
law, gender, and science.
d. Describe polytheism in the Greek and Roman world and the origins
and diffusion of Christianity in the Roman world.
e. Analyze the factors that led to the collapse of the Western Roman
Empire.
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Ancient Greece
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Think-Pair-Share Prompt
Question
• If you don’t have large rivers for irrigation
or much arable (farmable) land, what do
you, as a civilization, have to do to feed
yourself?
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Troy
Thebes
Corinth
Olympia
Athens
Ephesus
Sparta
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GREEK DEMOCRACY, LIFE DURING THE ARCHAIC
AGE (C. 750-C. 500 BCE), AND THE “GOLDEN AGE”
OF ATHENS
• The Polis Was the Central Political Unit of Greek
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Society
It was the fundamental Greek institution as early as the
8th century BCE
Polis included town, villages, and the surrounding
countryside
These units varied in size, from a few acres to several
hundred square miles
NOTE: It is from the Greek word polis that we get such
modern words as politics, politician, and police!
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Power Eventually Passed from
Kings to Citizens
• The agora was the center of Greek political, social, and religious life
– All Greek citizens were required to participate in the discussion of
public matters
– Only freeborn Greek men were considered citizens (women were not)
– All citizens were required to take turns holding public office (TRUE
DEMOCRACY)
• Noble families (aristocracy) controlled most issues
• The polis needed defending, so new citizen armies were developed
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– These were called “hoplite” armies
– The Greek phalanx was the most powerful fighting force of its time
• “Phalanx” has a modern usage, e.g. “O.J. Simpson arrived in court
surrounded by a
During this time, there was extensive colonization around the
Mediterranean, Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), and the Black Sea areas
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Greek Phalanx
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NOTABLE GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS
• A philosopher is one who loves
“wisdom” for its own sake
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Socrates
• Taught be asking a series of questions (known
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today as the “Socratic method”)
Very popular among young adults; almost “rock
star” status
Frequently criticized government and society, to
the delight of his audience
Was seen as subversive and dangerous by
political authority
Was eventually forced to take poison
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Plato
• After the death of Socrates, became convinced that
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citizens could not govern wisely
Distrusted democracy
His work, The Republic, put forth the idea that people
fell into one of three (3) groups:
– Farmers and artisans
– Warriors
– A philosopher-king who would lead the nation
• The city-state would be ruled by its greatest
philosopher
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Aristotle
He had been a student at Plato’s academy
He believed that truth stemmed logically
from other truths
If A=B, and B=C, then A=C
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Parthenon Atop Acropolis
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Greek Revival Architecture, Eufaula, AL
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Greek Revival Architecture, Eufaula, AL
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Greek Revival Architecture, Eufaula, AL
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The Greeks didn’t stay put in Greece or the Aegean,
though. They colonized all over the Mediterranean
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Alexander the Great
• 336 BCE – 20-year-old Alexander succeeded his father, Philip, as
king of Macedonia
– He was curious and academically very bright (and a former
student of Aristotle)
– Very skilled in the arts of war; had accompanied his father on
military campaigns
• 334 BCE – Carried out Philip’s plan to invade Persia
– He quickly assumed control of Asian Minor (modern-day
Turkey)
• 332 BCE – Alexander’s army marched into Egypt
– While there, he founded the city of Alexandria on the
Mediterranean coast
– His empire eventually stretched from Greece to the Hindu Kush
into India
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THE LEGACY OF ALEXANDER THE
GREAT: WHAT HE LEFT US
• Hellenism
• First and foremost in his legacy
• “Hellenism” means to “be like the Greeks” and had a profound
impact on western human history
• Greek artists, merchants, and artisans settled in land conquered by
Alexander’s army
– New “Greek” cities were built; all followed similar patterns of
design
• They contained gymnasiums, theaters, and Greek temples
• Hellenism emerged from a blend of Greek and eastern cultures
• Greek language and Greek ideas spread throughout the non-Greek
Near East
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Alexandria Prospered
Economically and Artistically
• Several (11) cities named “Alexandria” were
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founded throughout Alexander’s empire
The Alexandria in Egypt is the one history
remembers
Very beautiful city, with broad avenues, palaces,
and statues of Greek gods
Famous for its museum, library, zoo, art
galleries, and botanical gardens
– Became a center of learning and culture
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Science and Math
• Large body of astronomical knowledge grew
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from Alexandria’s celestial observatory
Archimedes was a notable Hellenic
mathematician
Numerous new maps of the known world were
created
Based on expanding knowledge of math,
physics, and other hard sciences, there was an
“industrial revolution” of sorts throughout
various places in Alexander’s empire
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Circa 150 BCE
• Hellenism in decline
• Rome growing and becoming stronger
• Greek arts survived through Rome
– Basis of much Western thought, today
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