Transcript 13 Jarett Unit 2 - Web Answer Sheet

Jarrett-Unit 2: Review Sheet
Name:
Classical Era‐West‐Persia, Greece, and Rome
Test Date _____________________
Objectives:
What is a classical civilization? Where were they?
Europe
Greece and Rome
Monarchy, theocracy, democracy, republic, oligarchy
Development of democratic‐republican government
Twelve Tables
Rights such as “trail by a jury of your peers” “innocent until proven
guilty” “equality before the law”
Rights and responsibilities of citizens and non citizens in civic
participation
Fundamental ideas and institutions of Western civilizations
Math, science, and technology
Archimedes, Eratosthenes, Pythagoras
Rome Collapse and its Impact on Western Europe
Christianity‐origins, spread, ideas
Art and architecture
Persia
Americas
Maya‐politicial, economic, social, and cultural developments
Prior civilizations influence‐Olmecs
Collapse
East
India
Maurya and Gupta
Origin and spread of math, science, and technology
China
Zhou and Qin
Han and Collapse
Confucianism‐origins, ideas, spread
Compare collapse of Rome and Han
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Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet
Name:_____________________________________
Ancient Greece
1. Minoan (2000 BC - 1400 BC)
a. Geography: located on the island of _________________ (111)
b. King _______________(67), leader of the civilization
c. The civilization died out over a period of time either by invasion or a catastrophe of an
_______________(68)
2. Mainland Greece/Mycenae
a. Geography: located on the Balkan Peninsula
i. Any place in Greece is no more than ______(111)miles from the sea
ii. Greece is surrounded by the seas, ______________, _________________,
________________(111), which allowed for ______________ and _____________(111).
iii. Rugged mountains cover about ______% (111) of Ancient Greece.
iv. Only ______% (111) of the land is suitable for farming.
b. Early Settlers
i. Indo-Europeans (2000 BC)
1. They organized into tribes and clans
2. Nomads – learned to grow grapes, grains and olives
ii. ______________________(112) (1600 BC – 1200 BC)
1. Leader: King Agamemnon
2. Adopted many elements of the Minoan civilization
3. Religion: same as the Minoans
4. Trojan War:
a. Reason; economic rivalry and Persian Prince kidnaps ____________(113),
beautiful wife of the Greek king.
b. Result after 10 years, the Mycenaeans destroy the city of Troy by using the
__________________________________(113).
c. Homer, a Greek poet, wrote the __________(114) and the _________(114),
describing the war and the travels of Odysseus.
d. Economy based on the trading of grapes, grains and olives
e. ___________________________(113), a German archaeologist, discovered
the possible site of the city of Troy
iii. Dorians (1100 BC – 750 BC)
1. Mycenaean civilization collapses
2. Very primitive nomadic groups will invade with iron weapons
3. Beginning of the Dark Ages because economy will collapse and trade will
come to a standstill
a. According to historians, the Dorians lost the ability to _____________(114),
therefore little is known about this time period.
3. Greek Culture:
a. Religion:
i. Greek Gods possess human qualities such as _____________,
_____________, _____________(114).
ii. Greek Gods often quarreled and competed with each other.
iii. ___________________(114) was the ruler of the Gods. Greek Gods did not
live in heaven, but on Mount ________________________(114).
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Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 2)
3. Greek Culture:
b. Greek word for city state is ________________(115)
i. Influenced by geography, the city state will share certain features
1. small size
2. small population
3. ______________________(115), a public center
4. ______________________(115) a fortified hilltop
Ii. City states remained separate because of geography, jealousy, and differing personalities
c. Government:
i. City-states formed different political structures
1. King ruled government was called a ______________________(115)
2. A government ruled by a small group of noble and land-owning families is
called an_______________________(115)
a. Often gained political power after working in the king’s ______________(115)
3. A government ruled by a few powerful people is an _________________(115)
a. Formed when wealthy merchants and artisans shared or took power from
nobles.
4. Most Greeks looked down on all non-Greek foreigners, whom they considered
to be __________________________(115)
ii. Greek foot soldiers, called ____________________(115) formed a fearsome
fighting formation called a________________________(115).
iii. Powerful individuals called ______________________(116) gained control of
the government by appealing to the poor and the discontented for support.
d. Sparta
i. Geography; located in the southern part of Greece called _____________(116)
ii. Government:
1. Monarchy was headed by _________(116) kings, who had no power.
2. _____________________________________(116) proposed the laws.
3. Assembly of citizens voted on the proposed laws
4. 5 elected officials called ______________________(116) carried out the laws
(powerful)
iii. Social classes:
1. _________________(116) were descendants of the original inhabitants and
controlled the government.
2. Neighbors were free people with no citizenship
3. __________________(116) served as household servants
4. Most people were farmers
5. Helots and Neighbors outnumbered the Spartans 20 to 1
iv. Military Machine – “A city is well fortified which has a wall of men instead of
brick”
1. Regulated the lives of citizens from birth to death
2. Sickly babies were killed
3. Role of male:
a. Age 7, went to live in _____________________(116)
b. Age 20, began military service until the age of 60
c. Age 30, married
d. Role of female:
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a. Went through strict physical training to develop strength and endurance. As
mother of future soldiers, she had to be physically fit. Trained in patriotic devotion.
Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 3)
d. Sparta (cont)
5. Stressed absolute loyalty, courage, strength and endurance!
6. No major contribution achieved because intelligence achievements were not
stressed
e. Athens – The birthplace of ____________________________(117)
i. Geography; Ionians settled on Attica
ii. Government:
1. ________________________(117) – rule by the people
2. Citizens participated directly in political decision making
a. Only___________________________(117) could be citizens.
iii. Reformers:
1. ____________________(117) wrote the first legal code – the
law was harsh
2. ____________________(117) outlawed debt slavery
a. Legal concept that allowed any citizen to _____________(117)
3. _______________________(118) financed reform by placing a
tax on agricultural production. He also started a
_______________________________(118) to provide jobs.
4. ____________________________(118) introduced a series of
reforms that allowed Athenian citizens to participate in a limited
democracy. Only _______(118) of Athenian residents were
actual citizens.
4. Conflict:
a. Persian War:
i. First Persian War
1. Conflict began on coast of Anatolia when the _____________________(118)
revolted against Persians and ____________________(118) sent ships and soldiers
to give aid.
2 Persian King, ___________________(118) defeated the rebels and then vowed
to destroy_______________________(118) in revenge, but failed due to
weather.
ii. Second Persian War
1. Persians were defeated in the battle of ________________________(118) even
though they greatly outnumbered the Greeks.
2. __________________________(118) ran 26.2 miles to give the news of the
Greek victory, then he collapsed and died.
iii. Third Persian War
1. Persian army now led by ______________________(118), son of Darius the
Great.
2. Narrow mountain pass at _________________________(118) was where the
Spartans, under the leadership of King Leonidas, attempted to hold of the
Persian army. After 3 days, a traitor showed the Persians a secret path that
resulted in __________(118-119) 300 Spartans to die.
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Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 4)
4. Conflict:
a. Persian War: (cont)
3. Athenian statesman, ___________________________(119) convinced the
Athenians to evacuate the city and fight at sea. The Battle of ______________________(119)
resulted in an Athenian victory because Persian ships found it hard to maneuver in the narrow
channel. The Persians lost ___________(119) of their fleet.
4. The final battle was at _______________________(119) where the Persians were defeated.
iv. Consequences of the Persian war;
1. A new alliance called the ____________________________(119) was formed under the
leadership of _______________________(119). It brought Athens into a brief golden age.
5. Pericles:
a. Three goals of Pericles was: (120)
1. ________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________(120); a form of government in which citizens
rule directly.
c. For Pericles to finance his reforms, he used funds from the ______________________(121)
treasury without approval of other members from the league.
6. Golden Age:
a. Architecture;
i. The ________________________(121) was built with funds from the Delian League. It was a
temple to honor Athena.
ii. The Statue of Athena was done by _____________________(121)
iii. The values of order, balance, and proportion became the standard of _______________(121)
art.
b. Drama;
i. The Greeks invented drama and built the first _______________________(121) in the west.
ii. The Greeks wrote 2 types of plays ___________________ and ___________________(122)
7. Peloponnesian War:
a. It was fought between the city-state of ___________________ and ________________(123).
b. The advantage at sea belonged to _________________(123) and ___________________(123)
on land.
c. Pericles strategy was to avoid ________________ and to strike _____________ at sea(123).
d. Athens was greatly weakened by a __________________(123) that killed 1/3 to 2/3 of its
population including _________________(123). Athenians also suffered a major setback when
they failed in their attempt to take Syracuse.
8. Philosophers:
a. The word ‘philosophers’ means _____________________________________(124)
b. Greek thinkers based their philosophy on two assumptions.
i. The universe is put together in an orderly way and people can understand those laws through
_____________________ and _______________(124).
c. ________________________(124) questioned people’s unexamined beliefs and ideas about j
ustice and other traditional values. ________________________(124) was one of the most
famous Sophists who questioned the existence of traditional Greek gods.
Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 5)
d. Socrates:
i. He was a critic of the Sophists. He believed that absolute standards did exist for
_________________ and ________________(124). He also said the Greeks should question
themselves and their ________________, _____________(124). Socrates developed a method of
teaching called the ___________________(125), which uses a
________________and_________________(125) approach. Socrates was brought to trial for
corrupting the ________________________________(124), but he claimed that his teachings
were good for Athens because they forced people to think about their
____________and____________(124). The jury passed a verdict of _______________(124)
and Socrates was sentenced to ________________(124).
e. Plato
i. Plato was a student of ___________________(124). Plato wrote down conversations he had
held with Socrates. His most famous work was the ____________________(124), in which he
describes his vision of a perfectly __________________________(125). Plato opened a school
called the __________________(125). His writings will dominate Europe for nearly
______________(125) years.
f. Aristotle
i. He questioned the nature of the world and of ________________________________(125).
He came close to summarizing ___________________________(125) up to his time. He
developed a method of arguing called ________________(125). His work provides the basis of
the _______________________(125) used today. He opened a school in Athens called
________________(125). One of his most famous students was ____________________(125).
9. Philip of Macedonia
a. Used phalanx, cavalry to defend his country. He will plan to invade Greece. Athenian orator
_____________________(128) tried to warn Greece of the threat Philip imposed, but Greek
city-states could not agree
on a single policy. Macedonians soundly defeated the Greeks at the battle of
______________________(128), ending
Greece independence. Philip then planned to invade __________________(128) but was
murdered by a former guardsman.
________________________(128) was then proclaimed king.
10. Hellenistic Culture
a. Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian and Indian influence is called ___________(132)
b. The city of ______________________(132) became the center of the Hellenistic civilization.
c. _____________________(132) was an enormous lighthouse that stood over the Alexandria
harbor.
d. Alexandria was also known for its famous museum and __________________(132), which was
the first true__________________________(133) in the world.
e. Astronomy
i. Aristarchus’ two significant conclusions were:
1. The sun ___________________________________________(133)
2. The earth and planets ___________________________________(133)
ii. ______________________(133) incorrectly placed the ___________(133) at the center of the
universe.
iii. ______________________(133) closely calculated the earths’ true size. He claimed the earths’
circumference was _______________(133) miles, when it is actually 24,860 miles. His estimate was
within ______% (133) of modern calculations.
iv. ________________________(133) invented the system of longitude and latitude.
Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 6)
10. Hellenistic Culture (cont)
f. Mathematics and Physics
g. Euclid wrote __________________(134), which is still the basis for courses in geometry today.
ii. _______________________(134) calculated the value of ‘pi’, explained the law of the
___________(134) and invented the _____________________(134) pulley and a
_____________________(134).
g. Philosophy and Art
i. Two major philosophies that developed during the Hellenistic period are _____________(134)
and __________________________(135).
ii. ____________________ developed stoicism, which is, the belief that divine power controlled
the universe. He proposed that people should live a life in harmony with natural _________(134).
He preached that vices should be controlled and that people should focus on the things they can
_______________(134)
iii. Epicureanism was founded by ____________________(135). He taught that the universe was
composed of ___________(135) and ruled by _____________(135) who had no interest in
________________(135).
He believed that the only real objects were those the ___________________(135) could
perceive. The greatest good and highest pleasure came from virtuous conduct and absence of
____________(135). The main goals of humans was to achieve harmony of ______________
and ____________(135). He advocated ___________________(135) in all things.
iv. Two examples of Hellenistic sculptors:
1. ___________________________________________(135)
2. ___________________________________________(135)
Name:
Jarrett-Unit 2:
Vocab Rome Sheet
Chapter 6 Vocabulary
Section One: The Romans Create a Republic
1. Republic:
2. Patricians:
3. plebeians:
4. tribunes:
5. Twelve Tables:
6. consuls:
7. senate:
8. Centuriate Assembly:
9. Tribal Assembly:
10. Praetors:
11. dictators:
12. Roman legions:
13. veto:
14. Punic Wars:
15. Hannibal:
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Jarrett-Unit 2:
Vocab Rome Sheet
Name:
Section Two: The Roman Empire Brings Change
16. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus:
17. civil war:
18. Julius Caesar:
19. triumvirate:
20. absolute ruler:
21. Mark Antony:
22. Cleopatra:
23. Augustus:
24. Pax Romana:
25. civil service:
Bad Emperors
26. Caligula:
27. Nero:
28. Domitian:
Good Emperors
29. Nerva:
30. Trajan:
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Name:
Jarrett-Unit 2:
Vocab Rome Sheet
31. Hadrian:
32. Antoninus Pius:
33. Marcus Aurelius:
34. gladiators:
Roman name
Jupiter
Mars
Juno
Venus
Mercury
Pluto
Neptune
Greek name
Zeus
Ares
Hera
Aphrodite
Hermes
Hades
Poseidon
god of…
Head god
God of war
Mother of gods
Goddess of love
Messenger/medicine
God of the underworld
God of the sea
35. colosseum:
Section Three: The Rise of Christianity
36. zealot:
37. Jesus:
38. Gospel:
39. apostles:
40. messiah:
41. Peter:
42. Paul:
43. Diaspora:
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Jarrett-Unit 2:
Vocab Rome Sheet
Name:
44. scapegoats:
45. hierarchy:
46. bishop:
47. pope:
48. Constantine:
49. Edict of Milan:
50. heresy:
Section Four: The Decline of the Roman Empire
51. inflation:
52. Diocletian:
53. Constantinople:
54. Alaric:
55. Attila:
56. sacked:
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Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet
Slide 8
APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
Many of the letter in our alphabet come from Greek and Phoenician
letters. How does such an alphabet differ from Egyptian hieroglyphics
or Chinese characters?
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Name:
CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING
1. __
Slide 19
2. __
3. __
4. __
5. __
6. __
7. __
8. __
9. __
10. __
APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
How was Athenian democracy different from American democracy today?
Slide 11
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
ACTING AS AN AMATEUR HISTORIAN
Slide 12
Read the following document from Plato’s Crito. Then answer the two questions that follow.
“Look at it this way. Suppose that while we are preparing to run away, the laws and Constitution of Athens were
to come and ask; ‘Now Socrates, what are you doing? Can you deny that by this act you are thinking of, you will
have the power to destroy us, the laws, and the whole state as well? Do you imagine that a city can continue to
exist and not be turned upside down, if the legal judgments pronounced have no force, and are destroyed by
private person? You have 70 years in which you could have left the country if you were not satisfied with us or
felt the agreements were unfair. And now, after all this, are you not going to stand by your agreement?’”
---Plato, Crito
What reasons does Socrates give to his students for his refusal to escape?
• _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Would you have agreed with his reasoning? Explain your answer.
•
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________
Slide 13
Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet
Read the following document from Aristotle’s Politics. Then answer the question
below.
“We have next to consider how many forms of government there are, and what they are…The true forms of
government are those in which the one, the few or not the many govern with a view to the common
interest…Of forms of government in which one rules, we call that kingship; that in which more than one but not
many rule, we call aristocracy; when citizens at large administer the state for the common interest, the
government is called a democracy.”
---Aristotle, Politics
•
What three types of government does Aristotle identify? How do they differ.
• _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Slide 15
Political and Military Map: The extent of Alexander’s empire.
Checking for understanding:
Based on the map, how does Alexander get most of the credit for the spread of Greek ideas
throughout the Middle East to India?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Slide 23
APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
What debt did the Romans owe to the ancient Greeks?
•
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Imagine you are writing a speech about the legacy of the Roman empire. What would you
identify as its most enduring contributions.
•
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Slide 24
Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet
The First
Civilizations
Persia:
Greece:
Rome:
Location:_________
________________
________________
Characteristics_____
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Achievements:_____
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
Location:_________
________________
________________
Characteristics_____
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Achievements:_____
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
Location:_________
________________
________________
Characteristics_____
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Achievements:_____
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
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Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW SHEET
Name:
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Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW SHEET
pg. 2
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Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW
SHEET pg. 3
ORIGIN
TRADITION
SPREAD
IDEAS
Identify a world religion: Then fill in boxes. Label w/
color – shade on map the area of origination and spread.
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