Transcript ch 5 greece - Bloom High School

World history
Chapter 5
Ancient Greece
Section 1
The Early Civilizations of
Greece
• 20 minute video about Greece
The Geography of Greece
• Was a key factor in the development
• mountainous region of southeastern
Europe
– Isolated the Greek people
• Numerous islands
The Land, the Climate, and the Sea
• No great rivers---Little rainfall
• Dry, rocky soil
– grew barley, grapes, and olives
– raised pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens
Food was scarce
The Sea
• Most people lived within 40 miles of the
sea
• Built great harbors
• became sailors, fishers, & traders
– sent olive oil, wine, wool, and marble for
grain and metals
Early Greek Communities
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people separated by water and
mountains & developed different
communities
WESTERN CIVILIZATION: civilization
that developed in Europe & spread to
the Americas
The Minoan Civilization
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Developed on the island Crete
In the Aegean Sea
No written record
MONARCHY: government with a single
ruler, such as a king, queen, or pharaoh
The Palace of Knossos
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built of stone around central courtyard;
used for royal family, worship,
storerooms (for tax payments),
workshops, large bathrooms, & plumbing
system
Art was important in Minoan culture
(frescoes)
Peaceful Sea Traders
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interested in trade, not war & conquest
influenced Greek-speaking Mycenaean's
culture mysteriously vanished around
1600bc
– Volcanic eruption ?
The Mycenaean's Grow Powerful
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First Greeks to leave written records
Dominated the mainland
Ruled by Kings
Conquered Knossos
Leader of the Aegean Sea
Mycenaean Palaces and Sea
Traders
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Palaces
– thick walls, great hall, frescoes
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Trade
– pottery & metalwork with Asia Minor, Syria,
Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Sicily
The Trojan War
– Mycenaeans & other Greeks vs. Troy (on
Asia Minor)
– Trojan prince Paris kidnapped sister-in-law
of Mycenaean king, Helen
– 1250bc
The Decline of Mycenae and the
Age of Homer
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At Home and Abroad
– 1100bc Mycenaeans disappear; writing &
trade stop
– Many Greeks left for Asia Minor, Sicily, &
Southern Italy, spread culture
– They took with them their culture and ideas
The Iliad and the Odyssey
– long, epic, narrative poems by Greek poet
Homer
– lliad
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Last few days of the Trojan Wars
– Odyssey
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The story of the long journey home of Odysseus
The Greek hero of the war
Greek Religion
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gods had human feelings & form
marble temples to honor gods & goddesses
People needed to please the Gods
Zeus – king of the gods;
Athena – goddess of wisdom
– Live on Mt Olympus
Section 2
Greek City-States Rise to
Power
City state develop
• 800B.C. first Greek large political units
formed
• Called Polis—city-state
• Completed against each other for control
of land and trade
The Foundations of the City-States
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ACROPOLIS: highest part of a Greek citystate with fortress & temple
Agora: marketplace with farmers &
shopkeepers, people discussed politics &
conducted business
All city-states shared common language &
adapted Phoenician alphabet in 750bc; shared
common religion & culture; Olympic
Citizenship
• Only free males
• Proud and loyal to their city-state
• Willing to give up their lives for their polis
Governments of the City-States
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most city-states began as monarchies
protected by citizen-soldiers
soldiers wore helmets, armor, & round shields
ARISTOCRACY: government in which the
upper class, or a privileged few, rule
OLIGARCHY: government in which only a few
powerful people rule, “rule of the few”
800bc tools became cheaper & more available
as they were made of iron; Athens & Sparta
gained power
Sparta Becomes a Military State
a Spartan life = “a life with few luxuries”
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A Society of Soldiers- boys sent to train at age
7 until 30
600’s B.C. first Greek constitution
governed by 2 military kings,
28-member council of elders (over age 60)
(chose issues)
lawmaking assembly voted on laws made up
of all free adult males over 30 with 5 overseers
Conquered people were helots, or slaves, who
farmed the land
Women of Sparta
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had more rights than other Greeks
women; inherited land
girls received physical training & some
education
Learned to run, wrestle, throw a javelin,
Athenians and Their Right to Govern
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Government Reforms and Limited
Democracy
800bc-700bc Athens grew quickly
TYRANTS: leader who gains power by
forces; later, a leader who rules
ruthlessly
500 chosen men made up the council
LEGISLATURE: lawmaking body in
government
Continued….
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DEMOCRACY: government that gives its
citizens the ruling power, “power from the
people”
Slaves & women had no power in
government
Education in Athens
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boys learned reading, writing, math,
music, athletics, & speaking
only wealthy citizens were educated due
to cost
Athenians generally more educated than
other Greeks
Greek Unity in the Persian Wars
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Events in the Persian Wars
400’s B.C. Greeks joined together
against Persia
499BC Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled
against Persian rule
Athens & Sparta joined to beat Persians
& end Persian Wars
The End of the Persian Wars
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ALLIANCE: agreement between 2 or
more people, groups, & nations to
cooperate with one another
Delian League: formed 478bc between
140 Greek city-states that had fought in
Persian Wars; lead by Athenians
Peloponnesian League: formed by
Sparta
Section 3
The Golden Age of Athens
The Age of Pericles
Athens becomes the richest, most powerful
city-state
Expanding Democracy
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TRIBUTE: payment given by one nation to another more
powerful nation; may be paid in exchange for protection; Athens
demanded tribute from members of the Delian League
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Classical Age: 480bc-323bc when Athenian art, politics, &
literature flourished (refers to order, balance, & harmony)
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DIRECT DEMOCRACY: government in which citizens take part
directly rather than through representatives; belief of Pericles
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JURY: group of people that considers the evidence in a trial &
makes a judgment
Culture in the Golden Age
Architecture and Art
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public buildings, like temples were large,
homes were small
most art was on practical pottery
450bc natural, fluid style of art developed with
idealized forms
Poetry, Drama, and History
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Earliest literature:
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poetry – poets include Homer, Sappho
Greek Drama:
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tragedies dealt with suffering & misery
Comedies:
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poked fun at leaders & their politics
Women weren’t allowed to be actors;
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female parts played by men
Three Great Thinker
Philosopher- “lover of wisdom”
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Socrates, Plato, Aristotle;
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asked what it means to lead a good life
Socrates
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taught by going to the agora & asking
questions
Was arrested & sentences in death in 399bc
• Plato, Socrates’ student, wrote about Socrates’
life, the ideal state, the ideal society, the nature
of goodness and friendship, and the idea of
truth; founded school The Academy 387bc
• Aristotle, Plato’s student, went to Macedonia to
tutor Alexander the Great, went to Athens & set
up school, Lyceum, taught to learn by
observation, book Politics he praised the middle
class
The Peloponnesian War:
Plague and Starvation
– began in 412B.C. between Greek citystates, Athens & Sparta
– 404bc Athens was starved & surrendered to
Spartan
Aftermath
– Sparta won Peloponnesian War
– Athenian democracy lost energy &
corruption grew; unity was lost
Section 4
Alexander builds a great empire
The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II Gains Control
• 404BC city-states continued to fight
• 359BC Philip II became king of
Macedonia & looked to Greece
• Philip defeated Greek city-states of
Athens & Thebes
• his son Alexander defeated the Sacred
Band of 300 Theban soldiers
Alexander Takes the Throne
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Philip wanted to unit Macedonia &
Greece then defeat Persia
ASSASSINATION: murder of a leader
for political reason
Philip was assassinated & his son
Alexander became king at 20
Alexander Builds an Empire
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334bc Alexander leads army to attack Persia
in Asia Minor
Alexander is considered one of the greatest
military leaders of ancient times
They never lost a battle
331BC established Alexandria on northern
coast of Egypt
Army made it 11,000 miles into India before
stopping
Death and Division
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323bc Alexander died at 33 from an
infection or fever
Empire was left “to the strongest;” it was
divided into 3 kingdoms
Richest & most powerful, Egypt, went to
A Macedonian General Ptolemy I
Hellenistic Civilization
The Economy and the Growth of cities
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Hellenistic Culture: blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian,
Indian and other influences – from 323BC-146BC
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ASSIMILATION: process of absorbing or taking on the
cultural ideas or customs of another group and
combining them into an existing culture
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the conquered people took on many Greek customs
– Use of money increased
– including real banks
Alexandra, Egypt became a busy port and center of
education with the world’s largest library
Hellenistic Age
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ended when Greece was conquered by
Rome
Left an important impact on the world
and the future
The End