Transcript Sparta & Athens - RoshanVarghese

WarmUp #1
• Read the box on pg. 131 on mythology &
answer the respective question.
• Read pg. 149 on Greek drama
& answer the respective questions.
ANCIENT GREECE:
SPARTA & ATHENS
The Geography of Greece: mountainous terrain &
islands kept city-states isolated from each other
Early Peoples of Greece
Minoans
• 2700-1450 BC on the
island of Crete
• peaceful traders
• king’s palace had many
rooms
– bright paintings of
rural/sporting scenes
• scholars/historians are
unable to decipher their
writing
• destroyed by
Mycenaean invasion in
1450 BC
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Mycenae
1600-1100 BC on the mainland
of Greece
loose alliance of independent
city-states
warriors: decorations in homes
showed battle/hunting scenes
traders extended land through
conquest (Minoans)
most famous story from Homer
= The Iliad (Trojan War)
fell into trouble as numerous
conflicts between city-states,
earthquakes, invasions, etc.
Minoan Civilization
Trojan War (~1250 BC)
• king of Mycenae
(Agamemnon) led
Greek troops in the
sacking Troy, as
revenge
• speculation that war
was either over Helen
(of Troy) OR over
trade routes
• historians debate the
reality of Trojan War
Homer
• most famous Greek poet
– composed epic poems:
literature involving heroic
event(s) &/or person(s)
• most famous poems are:
– The Iliad: the last year of
Trojan War with the climactic
battle between Hector &
Achilles
– The Odyssey: The travels of
Odysseus on his way home
post-Trojan War
• Homer’s poems used to
teach history, literature,
honor & courage
Dark Age
• 1100-750 BC
• no written
records: so
unsure of what
occurred
• some movement
into Asia Minor &
Peloponnesus
• simplified writing
City-States
• polis: Greek city-states
• acropolis: fortified area within polis (the main
gathering place)
• agora: open area under the acropolis (the market)
• people were extremely loyal to their own polis & thus
distrusted all others
• army made up of hoplites: heavily armed infantry (i.e.
foot soldiers)
– phalanx: fighting formation, in which soldiers stood shoulder
to shoulder, in a rectangular formation
Government
• Greeks wanted rule
of law: all citizens
must obey the laws
(including king(s),
priests, merchants,
etc.)
description
example
Monarchy
rule by one
Sumer, Akkad,
etc.
Theocracy
rule by God
Israel
Democracy
rule of many
Direct
Democracy
all citizens vote
on every issue
Athens
Oligarchy
rule by the few
Sparta
Republic
rule by elected
officials
Rome
Sparta
• incredibly militaristic
Sparta
– men in the army & women supported the army
• men:
– lived, ate & practiced together in barracks
– very disciplined: no frills & simple food (black broth)
• boys:
– military training began at age 7
• women:
– took care of home
– physically fit with large families
– taught honor (shield story)
• government:
– oligarchy w/ 2 kings & council of elders
• people were intellectually isolated from world
– no travel
– no philosophy or art taught
– no questioning of Spartan ways
Sparta (ctnd)
– “This Is Sparta” from 300:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkWS9PiXekE
– “Spartan Phalanx” from 300:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XR1l01cZQV0
Athens
Athens
• the governmental structure continued to evolve:
– monarchy>aristocratic oligarchy>direct democracy
• direct democracy: every male citizen to have a say & then
vote on every issue
• 3 types of people:
– citizens WITH rights (men)
– citizens WITHOUT rights (women & children)
– non-citizens (slaves & foreigners)
• emphasized art, philosophy & culture
Greek Religion
• considered religion necessary for welfare of state
• tried to know will of gods through oracles:
– priests/priestesses in temples, that were setup for the gods
– most famous oracle: Delphi (purposefully vague)
• polytheistic: 12 main gods/goddesses
– Zeus: chief god
– Athena: goddess of wisdom
– Apollo: god of sun
-Poseidon: god of seas
-Aphrodite: goddess of love
-Ares: god of war
• tried to gain favor of gods through competitions/festivals
(Olympics, etc.)
• after death, people went to dim place ruled by Hades
Greek Religion
Persian Wars (~492-449 BC)
• Persians ruled Ionia
• 499 BC: Athens helped Ionians revolt
• Persians landed at Marathon (26.2 miles from
Athens) for battle
• Athenians scored shocking/decisive victory;
Pheidippes ran to Athens to declare victory, dying at
journey’s end
• Xerxes marched troops over to Greek mainland
• Greeks were far outnumbered
• Spartans held pass at Thermopylae, allowing other
Greeks to regroup
• Persians were defeated by Athenian navy at the Battle
of Salamis & finally forced out by the Spartan army at
the Battle of Plataea. THE GREEKS WON!
Persian Wars
Classwork→Homework
• Chp. 5: Section 1, 2, & 3 Assessments
– Section 1: #1-3
– Section 2: #1-4
– Section 3: #1-3