Transcript Classical Greece - Union Academy Charter School

Classical Greece
Early Greece
► Minoan
developed on
Crete around 3000
B.C.
► Lasted about 2,000
years.
► Minoans would set up
civilizations on the
islands of the Aegean
Sea.
► Had
solidly constructed
buildings with private
rooms and indoor
plumbing.
► Women were highly
regarded in society.
What Happened?
► Historians
► One
unsure what exactly happened.
theory is a volcanic eruption caused
problems.
Mycenaeans
► Appeared
around 2000
B.C.
► The Mycenaeans built
small kingdoms and
often fought with each
other.
► They are considered
the first Greeks
because of their
spoken language.
► Traded
► Their
with the Minoans.
society was dominated by intense
competition, frequent warfare, and powerful
kings.
How did the Minoans and
Mycenaeans shape early Greek
Civilization?
Minoans
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Successful traders
Lived on the island of Crete
Rulers lived in large palaces
Adopted and Technology from
Egypt and Mesopotamia
Frescoes reveal all about
society
Mycenaeans destroyed Minoan
civilization
Mycenaeans
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Sea traders
Spoke Greek
Acquired customs from
Minoans, Egyptians, and
Mesopotamians; passed them
to the Greeks
Lived in city-states
Wealthy rulers, lots of treasure
Best remembered for the
Trojan War
Defeated by the Dorian
invasion
Trojan War
► The
Trojan War was fought between Greeks
and Troy.
► Helen was kidnapped and Greek
“protectors” had to get her back.
► Lasted about 10 years and ended with the
burning of Troy.
► Was
it really fought?
Trojan Horse
Trojan Horse
► Greeks
left Trojan Horse at gates of city and
pretended to sail away.
► Troy
decided to use it as a trophy and
pulled it inside of city.
► At
night the Greeks attacked and defeated
the Trojans.
Greek Society
► Greek
society was centered around a polis
or city-state.
► City
were built around high areas called an
acropolis.
► There
would also be a marketplace in cities
called an agora.
Sparta
► Sparta
was one of the
strongest city-states in
Greece.
► Conquered people
would become slaves.
► War was seen as a
way to keep order in
society.
Spartan Life
► Strength
and toughness were taught at an
early age to children.
► If a child was unhealthy they would be left
out in the woods to survive.
► Boys would enter military training at the age
of 7.
Spartan Life
► At
the end of military training, boys were
sent out into the woods to see if they could
survive.
► If
they did they would become foot soldiers
at age 20.
► Served
in the army for 10 years.
Apollo
► God
of light and the
sun.
► Could heal or bring
about disease.
► Shot
plague infected
arrows into Troy
during the Trojan War.
Artemis
► Goddess
of the moon
and the hunt.
► Apollo’s
twin sister.
Ares
► God
of war.
► All other gods disliked
him.
► Latin name is Mars.
Zeus
► Chief
of the gods and
lord of the skies.
► Ruler
of Mount
Olympus.
Greek Gods of Olympus
The Classical Age
► Athens
► Only
was the world’s first democracy.
free males over the age of 20 who had
completed military training could vote.
Main Bodies of Athenian Government
► Assembly:
Made all of the laws and
important decisions.
► Council: Wrote the laws that would be voted
on by the full assembly.
► Courts: Hear disputes and make decisions;
chosen from the assembly
► Archon: Chief of state and head of Assembly
and Council
Persian Wars (490-479 B.C.)
► Fought
between
Greeks and Persians.
► Darius I sent troops to
attack Greece at
Marathon.
► Greeks were warned
and launched surprise
attack.
► Athenians
used new
military formation
called a phalanx.
► Persians
were
outnumbered and fled.
► The
Persians would try again in 480 B.C.,
led by Xerxes.
► The Spartans slowed the Persians until they
found another route to Athens.
► When they reached Athens it was empty.
► They then burned the city.
► Persians would be defeated for good by 479
B.C.
Delian League
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The Delian League
contributed most of the
money to rebuild Athens.
Pericles was responsible
for most of the rebuilding.
Great speaker and
champion of democracy.
His time as ruler of Athens
was known as the Golden
Age of Athens.
Pericles Rule
► Under
Pericles the economy thrives
► Government becomes more democratic,
direct democracy (every citizen votes on
each idea)
► Believed all citizens should take part in
government
► Citizens can banish officials who threaten
democracy
Why Peloponnesian War?
► Greeks
outside of Athens resented Athenian
domination
► Greeks split into two camps
► Athens v Sparta
► Lasts 27 years
► With help from Persians, Sparta defeats
Athens
Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
► Sparta
and Greece
fought and started the
Peloponnesian War.
► Sparta would win
because of the
outbreak of the plague
in Athens.
► Sparta would then be
defeated by Thebes in
371 B.C.
Socrates (470-399 B.C.)
► Sought
truths about
truth, justice, and
virtue.
► Thought people could
learn best by asking
questions.
► Study human behavior
to learn how to
improve society as a
whole.
Plato (428-348 B.C.)
► Felt
philosophers were
best suited to govern
other people.
► Every
material object
in the world was only
the reflection of a
perfect ideal.
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
► Use
of reason and
logic to study the
natural world.
► Greatest good people
could perform was the
rational thought.
► Contributed to the
development of
science, especially
biology.
Homer
► The
two greatest
works of Greek
literature are by
Homer.
► His epic poems were
Iliad and Odyssey.
Poetry and Drama
► The
Greeks were responsible for creating
lyric poems.
► These
poems deal with emotions and
desires and do not tell stories.
► For
entertainment, the Greeks wrote
dramas.
Greek Art
Alexander the Great
► Alexander
became king
in 336 B.C.
► He was 20 years old.
► He would crush
rebellions harshly.
► He set his sights on
gaining an empire.
► By
333 B.C., Alexander attacked and
conquered the Persians in Asia Minor.
► He
set his sights on Egypt and they
welcomed him with open arms.
Alexander’s Empire
► Alexander
did not rule for very long.
► He fell ill while in Babylon in 323 B.C. and
died a couple of days later.
► Because he did not name an heir so fighting
occurred after his death.
► In the end his empire would be divided up
into 3 kingdoms (generals).
► Alexander
helped bring about a new culture
called Hellenistic Culture.
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This is a blend of Persian, Egyptian, and
Asian culture mixed together.
Pharos-One of the Seven Wonders of
the World
► Most
governments would be replaced by
kingdoms and most governments had
become monarchies.
► Women
gained rights such as education and
owning property.
► In
legal terms, women were not equal to
men.
Cynicism
► New
thoughts started to emerge during this
time including Cynicism.
► When people reject ideas of pleasure,
wealth, and social responsibility and believe
that people should live with nature.
Stoicism
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These people put an emphasis on reason,
self discipline, and personal morality.
► They
also argued that people should identify
their proper role in society and strive to
fulfill that role.
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