Transcript The Rise of Caesar

The Rise of Caesar…
…and the Fall of Rome
The Rule of
Julius Caesar
• The First Triumvirate: Caesar,
Crassus, and Pompey rule.
• Caesar appointed Dictator
in 46 B.C.
• Caesar appointed Dictator…
for life in 44 B.C.
Caesar Reforms Rome
1. Gives Roman citizenship to those in far away
provinces held by Rome.
2. Expands the Senate
3. Helps the poor by creating jobs (ex. constructing
public buildings)
4. Starts colonies so people can afford land
5. Increases pay for soldiers
Which of Caesar’s reforms do
you think is most important to
the success of the Roman
Empire? Why?
A New Rome
• Caesar is stabbed on the steps of the Senate
floor.
• Caesar’s murder leads to Civil War in Rome.
• The Second Triumvirate: Octavian, Mark
Antony, and Lepidus
Problems Continue
• Lepidus is forced to retire.
• Mark Antony is defeated by Octavian.
• Octavian triumphs and rules as AUGUSTUS
(the exalted one) in 27 B.C.
Octavian Augustus’ Rule
• Enter the Pax Romana: Roman Peace
• Organizes the Civil Service: Pays officials to manage
government affairs
• The Denarius is created. Denarius is a common coin
used for trade throughout the Roman Empire.
• Gladiator games were held to distract the poor.
The Legacy of the Roman
Empire
– Realistic Sculpture and Mosaics
– Latin was spread across the continent.
– Architecture was improved: (arches, concrete,
domes, aqueducts, Coliseum)
– Laws apply to all equally, and people are innocent
until proven guilty.
– Guarantee rights to all citizens in Rome.
The Colosseum
Aqueducts
Roman Roads