Transcript Republic to Empire

Republic to Empire
11.1
Chapter 11
Section1
Aftermath of the Gracchus Brothers
 Political order broke down in Rome
 Some Romans tried to stop the
fighting
 Cicero [ SIS-uh-roh ]
Philosopher, gifted speaker
Limit power and restore checks
and balances
Julius Caesar
 Great general that conquered all of
Gaul [France]
 Strong leader, excellent speaker
 Alliance with Pompey and Crassus to
rule Rome
 45 B.C.- declared himself dictator
for life
 Worked to improve Roman life
 Some resented how he got power
 Senators not happy; feared his
growing strength
Ides of March
 March 15, 44 B.C.
 Followed Caesar
 Senators stabbed Caesar to death.
End of the Republic
 Marc Antony and Octavian
 Rule Rome together
 Punish men who killed Caesar
Hunted down his killers
 Octavian returns to Rome, Antony goes
east
 Civil War in Rome [31 B.C.]
 Antony defeated at battle at sea
 Escaped to Egypt, commits suicide
with Cleopatra
 Octavian sole ruler
 Senate names him Augustus or
“revered one”
 Name marked end of Rome
Republic; begins Rome Empire
Rome’s Growing Empire
 Controlled Mediterranean; started
to expand further
 By AD 100’s controlled Gaul, central
Europe, island of Britain, Asia Minor,
Mesopotamia, north Africa
 Conquests promote trade
 Rome needed raw materials
 Metal, cloth, food
 Rome sent jewelry, glass, clothing
 Used currency or money to buy goods
 Nearly all accepted Roman coins
Pax Romana
 Means “Roman peace”
 Lasted for 200 years
 Peaceful, stable government. Well
run army
 No major wars or rebellions.
 Population grew, trade increased,
quality of life improved.
Roman Accomplishments
 Practical approach
 Stars = calendar
 animals= crops & meats
 Medicine
Great Builders
 Waterproof cement
 Aqueduct
 Raised channel used to carry
water
 Arches and vaults
 Can make bigger buildings
 Example = Colosseum
Literature and Language
 Many of the greatest authors in the world
 Latin- the language of government and law
 Wrote, conducted business, kept records
 Romance Languages
 Many different languages based off Latin
 Example = Italian, French, Spanish
 Influenced other languages, ex =English
 Common scientific words
Law
 Roman law continued in lands even
after the Roman Empire fell
 Civil Law
 Legal system based on a written
code of laws
 Countries around the world have
law based on Roman law