Transcript Translation Practice, Geography Review Recitation #1

Roman History
(A Quick Trip!)
2013
The Beginning
• Roman mythology says Aeneas, a warrior from
Troy, escaped after the Trojan war and sailed
to Italy.
• Aeneas’ descendants included Romulus and
Remus, the twin brothers who founded Rome
Roman History is divided into 3 parts…
• The Monarchy (753 BC-509 BC)
– Ruled by kings
– Tradition says there were 7 kings of Rome:
• Romulus ---founder of Rome, raised with
brother Remus by a she-wolf, killed Remus
• Numa Pompilius
• Tullus Hostilius
• Ancus Marcius
• Tarquinius Priscus
• Servius Tullus
• Tarquinius Superbus
Part 2: The Republic
• In 509 BC, King Tarquinius Superbus was
overthrown. One of the rebels was named
Brutus. The Roman Republic was born.
– 509 BC-27 BC
– Ruled by elected officials and the
Senate
– Consuls were the highest official--2 per year
Republic Heroes: Horatius (500 BC)
• Legend says that a man named Horatius
Cocles single-handedly defended a bridge
across the Tiber River when Rome was under
attack!
Republic Heroes: Cincinnatus (458 BC)
• Cincinnatus was a farmer who was called to
serve as dictator during an early Roman war.
• He remained dictator only for 16 days, until
the war was over---then resigned the
dictatorship to go back to farming.
• He was a role model of civic duty!
Republic Enemies: Hannibal
• Hannibal was a famous Carthaginian general
who fought against Rome in the 2nd Punic War
(218-201 BC)
• He is best remembered for leading his troops
from north Africa, across Spain, and over the
Alps into Italy
• He also used war elephants!
Republic Heroes: Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
• Julius Caesar was the most famous Roman of
all time
• He served as general, consul, and dictator of
Rome
• Military fame for conquering Gaul (France)
• Assassinated on the Ides of March, 44 BC
Cleopatra: Friend or Enemy?
• Cleopatra: the last pharoah of Egypt
• She had a relationship with Julius Caesar…and
a son, Caesarion
• After Caesar’s death she had a relationship
with Mark Antony, Caesar’s friend… 3 children
(boy/girl twins + 1 boy)
• She and Antony opposed Octavian’s claim as
Caesar’s heir
Part 3: The Empire
• After a period of about 100 years of civil war,
the Republic collapsed and Octavian became
emperor in 27 BC.
– 1st Emperor: Octavian, aka Augustus
– Long list of Roman emperors!
– Nero: “fiddled while Rome burned”
– Constantine: 1st Christian emperor
Matching Terms
• Senators
• Toga
• Highest class of citizens
(aka patricians)
• Less status than
senators
• Men’s formal wear
• Curia
• Senate house
• SPQR
• Senate and people of
Rome
• Equestrians
Matching Terms
• slaves
• forum
• Some downtrodden,
some not
• Market square
• clipped beard
• Fashionable, A.D. 130
• fibula
• Brooch, fastens cloaks
• gladiator
• Could win freedom in the
arena
Matching Terms
• rings
• lictors
• Worn by men and
women
• An ax in a bundle of
rods
• Official escorts
• procurator
• Below governor
• Provincial governor
• Senator, commands
army
• fasces