Transcript Chapter5,sect2b

Chapter 4
Section 2b
Conquest & War Weakened
Rome
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Wars bring glory & create poverty
Gap between rich & poor
Small farmers lose land to rich ( slave
work land ) import cheap food
Farmers move to city -> no jobs,
masses of unhappy people
Corruption in Govt
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Rich buy votes
Help themselves to tax money
Wide gap between rich &poor
Efforts to please with “ bread &
circuses”
Free food & contests
“ gladiators”
Romans Attempt Reforms
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Realize the republic is in danger
1st reformers:Tiberius& Gaius Gracchus
Believe problems : condition of farmers
landless & soldiers = give land back
Senate puts Tiberius to death , Gaius
kills himself
Military leaders fight for control
One - hero - dictator - Sulla
Julius Caesar Wins Control
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Popular with the masses
Spends money on the poor
Marries a popular daughter
Gains Sulla as a enemy
First Triumvirate
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Caesar joins forces “ political alliance’
A. - Hero = Pompey
B. Crassus : richest man in Rome
C. Caesar : consul & general
- writes a story of military campaigns
- brilliant military commander
- while in Gaul , Crassus is killed in
Persia
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Pompey rules as dictator
- afraid of Caesar
- orders him to disband army
- return to Italy
Triumph of Caesar
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4 yrs of civil war - Pompey flees ,
Caesar becomes dictator of Rome
Pompey is later murdered in Egypt
Caesar starts many reforms
1. Sets up a stable govt.
2. Give people in provinces equal Rts.
3. Make the Senate more representative
44 BC Caesar is assassinated ,(Mar 15)
Augustus 1st Emperor
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Caesars death issues in civil war
Octavian & Mark Antony hunt down
the assassins
Divide up Rome ,Octavian- west , Rome
Antony - east , Egypt = Cleopatra : plan
to invade the west
Rome declares war on them
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Battle at Actium , Octavian wins & will
now be called Augustus
Rules a united empire
1. Rebuilds highways
2. Public buildings
3. Fair tax collection
- commerce flourished
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- wide spread prosperity
- established the “ Pax Romana” =
200 yrs of peace