Transcript In what modern day area did the Persians live?

In what modern day area did
the Persians live?
Southwestern
Iran
GREECE
Describe the life-styles of early
Persians.
• Warriors
• Nomads
who herded
cattle
What did Cyrus
the Great do?
United
Persia to
become a
powerful
kingdom
(559 BC-530 BC)
How did Cyrus
(Cry us)affect Hebrew
history?
Allowed the
captive Jews in
Babylon to
return home to
Jerusalem
What was the Royal Road (pg.
132) and how did it help
messengers?
1700-1800 miles of roads that stretched
across the Persian Empire
They set up road side station to help supply
food, shelter (110 inns), and fresh horses
How did Darius organize the
Persian government?
• He divided the
empire into 20
satrapies (U.S.
states)
• Each had their
own protector,
or satrap
(governor)
SATRAPS
• Tax collector
• Judge
• Chief of police
• Head recruiter for
the Persian Army
How was the military organized?
• Professional soldiers
• Paid
• Full time
• 10,000 of these
soldiers guarded the
king
Who were the Immortals?
The king’s soldiers/ 10,000 specially trained
Why were they called that?
When they died, they were immediately
replaced
What did Zoroaster believe?
• Believed in one god
• Supreme being
• As the creator of all
things and a force of
goodness
• Humans had the freedom
to choose between right
and wrong and that good
would triumph in the end
Battle of Marathon
•
•
•
•
Who fought? Persia and Athens
When was the Battle? 490 BC
Where was it fought? Marathon, Greece
Why was it fought? To stop the Athenians/Greeks
from interfering with the Persian Empire
• Who Won? How? Athens – waited for the
Persians to retreat and attacked when they were
vulnerable.
• Who was Pheidippides and what did he do?
Greek messenger who ran from Marathon to
Athens (26.2 miles) Announced “Victory” with his
last breath
Pg. 134
Who was Xerxes and what did he
vow?
Son of Darius
Vowed revenge against the
Athenians
What did the Greeks do to defend
themselves against the Persians?
• Greeks joined
forces
• Athens had a
navy (General
Themistocles)
• Sparta had the
soldiers (King
Leonidas)
Plan of Attack:
• As Persians
marched south, it
depended on its
ships for food and
supplies.
• Athen’s navy
would fight
Persia’s navy to
cut off the food
supply
Pg. 134
Where and how did the Greeks
stall the Persians attacks?
• A narrow
mountain pass
at Thermopylae
The Persian army
had to be
stalled so that
Athens could
prepare it’s
fleet
300 Spartan soldiers stalled the
Persians in the Mountains
King Leonidas and his men were
heavily outnumbered:
they “fought in the shade.”
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uU6HY
EpMG5w
Why were the Greek ships able to
defeat the bigger Persian ships?
Ships maneuver well
in tight spaces
Ships were smaller,
faster, and easier to
steer
Persian ships were
bigger targets
Pg. 136
What did the Persians do to
Athens?
Although the
Persian fleet
was
destroyed,
the Persian
army
marched
south and
burned
Athens.
What happened at Plataea?
• 479 B.C. The Greeks crushed the Persians
with the largest Greek army ever assembled.
What were two of the main
problems that led to the
decline of Persia?
1. Kings raised taxes- caused a
rebellion
2. Royal family fought over who
would be king
Royal family killed family members
Who invaded Persia in 334 BC?
Alexander the Great