Transcript Persian and Peloponnesian Wars PPT

The Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian Wars
affected democracy in the Greek city-states.
 Persian Empire v. United Greece
 ~ 27 years long
 546 B.C.E. Persian conquered the Greek city-state of
Ionia
 499 B.C.E. The Ionians revolted against the Persians
 Even with aid from mainland Greece the revolt
was unsuccessful
 Darius I, King of Persia, wished
to punish mainland Greeks for
aiding the rebels
 The Athenians (10,000
men) defeat the Persians
(20,000 men) who lost
6,400 in the altercation
compared with the
Greeks who lost only 192
 Seen as a huge victory for
the Athenians
 480 B.C.E. Xerxes, Darius’s
son, invaded Greece with
200,000 men
 Greeks, led by
Themistocles, wished to
engage the Persians by sea
 To allow for the naval
encounter the Greeks had
to delay the Persians
coming from the North
 Thermopylae
 King Leonidus, of Sparta,
delayed the Persians at
Thermopylae for
3 days 
betrayed
surrounded (300)
 Law of Sparta- Never
surrender on the
battlefield, but fight until
victory or death
 Themistocles drew the Persian
fleet into the straight of Salamis
 Large Persian ships were sitting
ducks for the lighter and faster
Greek ships
 479 B.C.E Persians retreated to
Asia Minor again
 Most achievements in
the arts and science took
place during this time
Pericles in Charge
Pericles rebuilt Athens
(447 B.C.E.  Parthenon)
Simple Homes – two main rooms and several smaller
rooms that are built around a court yard
 Dining Room- Entertainment and Eating
 Wool Room- Women spun and wove cloth
 Courtyard- Alter, Wash Basin, and sometimes a well
 Chickens and Goats
 Men Morning: Worked as farmers, artisans, or merchant
 Afternoon: Attended assembly
 Exercising at the gymnasium
 Entertainment: Symposium drinking session following a banquet
 Slaves- foreigners and prisoners of war
 1/3 of population
 craft productions and mining
 teachers and household servants
 Women- spent day cooking and making wool clothes
Poor- sold food and weaved cloth
 The Persian threat remained
 Athens convinced most Greek city-states to ally
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against Persia in the Delian League- EXCEPT Sparta
Athens grew richer, Sparta grew jealous, and conflict
ensued
431 BCE-404 BCE
Sparta allied with Persia to fight Athenian navy
Athenians surrendered in 404 BCE
 1) Athens nor Sparta would never fully recover
 2) City-States declined in population
 3) Fighting destroyed much of the land
 4) Huge amounts of unemployment
 Many became mercenaries, hired soldiers, in Persian Army
 5) Greeks lost ability to govern themselves
 Lost faith in democracy
 Might Makes Right
 Continual Fighting lead to the Thebans taking over Greece
but they were unable to stop the invasion of the
Macedonians.