Transcript Classical Greece

WarmUp #2
• Analyze the map on pg. 137 on the Persian
Wars & answer the two respective questions.
Democracy (U.S.A. vs. Athens): pg.136
United States
Which groups make
up the voters?
What are the duties of
people involved in
government?
Branch of US
government/
Body of people in
Athens
Branch of US
government/
Body of people in
Athens
Branch of US
government/
Body of people in
Athens
Ancient Athens
Differences
Classical Greece
Athens and the Age of Pericles
• time between Persian &
Peloponnesian Wars
• founded Delian League to
protect against invasion
– Sparta refused to join
– became Athenian Empire
• Pericles: dominant force in
Athenian politics
• center of philosophy,
architecture, learning, art, etc.
• food came from trade
– protected by navy
• Golden Age!
Greek Drama
• Initial writings: drama
• Later writings: comedy
• masks used for emotion
– Oedipus Rex trilogy
(Sophocles): tales of a man
who becomes king, but with
disastrous results
– Medea (Euripides): tales of a
woman who swears revenge on
her unfaithful husband & his
new wife
the Herodes Atticus Theatre in Athens!
History
• 1st group of people to try
to analyze past events
• Herodotus: 1st historian
– wrote about Persian Wars
– but lots of superstition &
subjective bias
• Thucydides: looked at
human impact, not just
divine reasons
– found evidence for his
historical assertions
Art/Architecture
• art attempted to express
eternal ideals
– balance, proportion,
harmony
• sculpture showed this with
perfect human proportions
• architecture: mainly temples
– Parthenon built in Athens,
• showed calmness, clarity &
freedom from unnecessary
details
Greek Philosophy
• philosophy: organized system of
thought
– “love of wisdom”
• Socrates: education was key to the
improvement of the individual
• no writings
– his ideas written by students (i.e.
Plato, Aristole)
• questioned students to help them
analyze & learn (Socratic method)
• “the unexamined life is not worth living”
• got into trouble with Athenian
government & was forced to commit
suicide by drinking hemlock juice
Plato
• student of Socrates
• fascinated by question of
reality
– ”how do we know what is real?”
• believed that concepts/ideas
were true reality
• physical objects just
“shadows” of reality (cave
illustration)
• the Republic: his text on
government, where he
believed that philosopherkings should rule society
Aristotle
• student of Plato
• believed we only know true
reality by observation & by study
of things
• used logic to classify/understand
• interested in everything!
– wrote thoughts on science, art, etc.
• Western scholarship based on
his teachings until 1600 AD
• concerned more with the nature
of the world
Answers to Logic Q’s
• Valid
• Invalid
• Argument is valid but the conclusion is not true,
because the premises are incorrect
Copy the following arguments.
Using logic, identify whether the arguments are
valid or invalid.
• 1. All men are mortal.
2. Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
1. Some plants are poisonous.
2. Broccoli is a plant.
Therefore, broccoli is poisonous.
1. All doctors are men.
2. My mother is a doctor.
Therefore, my mother is a man.
The “premise” or phrases within
the argument must be true or
else, the conclusion might not
work, even if you use the
correct deductive reasoning.
Peloponnesian Wars
Peloponnesian Wars 431-404 BC
• after the Persian Wars, the 2 main powers in Greece:
– Athens with Delian League
– Sparta with Peloponnesian League
• both wanted to be most powerful!
– led to conflict in 431 BC
• series of wars fought between:
– Spartan army
– Athenian navy
• finally Spartans defeated Athenians
– ironically with the help of the Persians
• the infighting weakened ALL the Greek city-states:
thus, it was very easy for Macedonia to take over!
In-Class Assessment
• 1. Which Greek philosopher believed that “the unexamined life is
not worth living” & left behind no writings of his own?
• 2. Which Greek philosopher believed concepts & ideas were the
true reality & that people & humans were mere shadows of
reality?
• 3. Which Greek philosopher believed true reality could only be
uncovered through logic & observation?
• 4.What does it mean that Classical Greek art sculpted using
idealistic proportions?
• 5.What famous Athenian temple was built to the goddess Athena,
which portrayed the Greek thought on clean & calm lines without
too much unnecessary details?
Peloponnesian Wars:
Who Are You Supporting?!?
(Pgs.140-141)
• In pairs (with a partner):
– Pick a side in the Peloponnesian Wars.
– Create a propaganda poster advertising YOUR league!
• 1. On one side: draw a large picture (or several small
pictures) that showcases your league’s strengths &
add a creative slogan!
• 2. On the opposite side: draw a large picture (or
several small pictures) that showcases your
opponent’s weaknesses & add a creative slogan!