Transcript File - MRS. VARGHESE Social Studies Department

Warm Up
• Read the blue box on democracy at the
bottom of p. 134-135 and answer the
question.
Classical Greece
Athens and the Age of Pericles
• Time period between Persian and
Peloponnesian Wars
• After the Persian Wars, the Greeks
founded the Delian League to protect
against invasion
-Sparta refused to join (they didn’t “need” to be
in a league with other Greeks)
- THUS…. This became the Athenian Empire
• Pericles- dominant in Athenian politics,
HUGE believer in democracy
– Center of philosophy, architecture, learning,
art, etc, under him.
– GOLDEN AGE of ATHENS!
• Food came from trade, protected by
the Athenian navy
Greek Drama
• First writers of drama
– comedy came much later
• Masks used to show emotion
– Only male actors allowed
– Oedipus Rex trilogy by
Sophocles about man who
becomes king w/ disastrous
results
• He accidentally kills his father
• He accidentally marries his mother
• ALL because he was given up at
birth because of a prophecy
• (You should read excerpts in your
9th/10th grade English class)
History
• 1st people to try to analyze past events
– From other cultures and people
groups
• Herodotus:
– 1st historian, wrote about Persian
Wars (in most college history classes, this is one of
the main historians whose work you will be read)
•
•
•
•
He added superstition
Very biased against non-Greeks
Called “Father of History”
ALSO called “Father of Lies”
– It is believed he fabricated facts/ received
information from second-hand sources but
claimed he saw them.
• Thucydides- looked at human facts for
causes of events and not to divine reasons/
the gods; found evidence for his history
• Art attempted to express
eternal ideals:
– balance, proportion, harmony
• Sculpture shows this with
perfect human proportions
– HOWEVER- the facial
expressions look too beautiful/
peaceful for the action
– Classical Greek sculptures look
TOO perfect facially, laterHellenistic Greek sculptures look
more realistic facially
• Architecture mainly temples:
– Parthenon built in Athens,
shows calmness, clarity,
freedom from unnecessary
details
Art/Architecture
The Parthenon in Athens
This statue is also on p. 147
-called “The Discobolus”
(discus thrower)
- GREAT example of
CLASSICAL Greek art
- you can see how perfect the
body is…muscles, ribs, veins in
the arms, calf muscles, etc.
-EXCEPT…. The face- it looks
serene, pleasant, peaceful, at
rest. Think about your face
when you are tackling
someone in football, guarding
someone in basketball,
etc….you have emotion!
This slide is just to help (as you take notes on the next slides):
• 3 main philosophers from Classical Greece
– (you can memorize them in the correct order because their
first names are alphabetical, but BACKWARDS)
– Socrates (“Socrateeeez”)
• Teacher of Plato
– Plato
• Teacher of Aristotle
– Aristotle
• Teacher of Alexander the Great
Greek Philosophy
• Philosophy:
– organized system of thought, “love of wisdom”
1. Socrates:
– Believed purpose of education was to improve individual
• Left behind no writings
– His ideas written by students (Plato)
• Questioned students to help them learn
– Where we get “Socratic Seminar” from- you sit in a circle
and discuss by asking questions
– Always answered a question with a question
•
Q- Why is the weather so horrible? A- Why do you think the weather is
so horrible?
– Taught students to QUESTION society
• Believed: “the unexamined life is not worth living”
SADLY:
• Got into trouble w/ Athenian government (for teaching
students to QUESTION) and was forced to commit
suicide by drinking hemlock juice/ poison
2. Plato
• Student of Socrates
• Fascinated by question of reality:
how do we know what is real?
• Believed concepts/ ideas were true
reality
– physical objects are just “shadows”
– Ex: a beautiful woman is beautiful only
because she has characteristics of the
IDEA of beauty, on her own, she is just
a mere shadow of what is beauty (think
of features people think are beautiful in
Hollywood, are they similar features?)
• Wrote about gov’t in his book the Republic
–
believed philosopher-kings should rule because
only they were enlightened and had true wisdom
3. Aristotle
• Student of Plato
• Believed we only know true
reality by observation and study
of things
– Used logic to classify/understand
– He was MUCH more practical than
his teacher Plato, he wanted facts
• Interested in everything
– wrote on thought, science, art, etc.
• Western scholarship based on
him until 1600 AD
– Concerned more with the true
nature of the world than Plato
Using logic, tell me whether
it is a valid or invalid argument.
Basic examples ( FOR FUN/ not notes) on logic:
If
A=B
And
B=C
Then A=? (answer is C) ….basic mathematical formula NOT using #s
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. All men are mortal
2. Socrates is a man .
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
1. Some plants are poisonous.
2. Broccoli is a plant
Therefore, broccoli is poisonous
1. All doctors are men.
2. My mother is a doctor
Therefore, my mother is a man.
*The “premise” or phrases
within the argument must be
true or else the conclusion
might not work, even if you
use correct deductive
reasoning.
Answers to Logic Q’s
• Valid
• Invalid
– Using the word “some” doesn’t include all plants
• Invalid
– (first premise isn’t true… all men are not doctors, therefore the
argument can’t be valid)
Peloponnesian Wars
Peloponnesian Wars 431-404 BC
• After Persian Wars, 2 main powers in Greece:
– Athens w/ Delian League
– Sparta w/ Peloponnesian League
• Both wanted to be most powerful
– led to conflict 431 BC
• Series of wars fought between:
– Spartan army
– Athenian navy
• Finally Spartans defeated Athenians (ironically w/
Persian help)
Problem b/c fighting weakened all Greek citystates- thus, very easy for Macedonia to take over
Peloponnesian Wars: Posters!!!
(Use pages 140-141 in text)
• With a partner:
– You must pick a side in the Peloponnesian Wars
– Create a propaganda poster advertising YOUR league!
Directions for poster:
• 1. On one side of the paper- draw a picture that
shows your side’s strengths and add a slogan (be
creative)
• 2. On the back -write two paragraphs about
why your side is better than the other and why
you will win (be sure to justify your reasoning)
Check your knowledge…..
• 1. Which Greek philosopher believed that “the unexamined
life is not worth living” and left behind no writings of his
own.
• 2. Which Greek philosopher believed concepts and ideas
were the true reality and that people and humans were
mere shadows of reality?
• 3. Which Greek philosopher believed true reality could
only be uncovered through logic and observation?
• 4.Classical Greek art was sculpted using idealistic
proportions, meaning what?
• 5.What famous temple was built to Athena in Athens
which portrays the clean and calm lines without too much
unnecessary details?
Additional Activity:
A Dialogue…
(use pages 143-144)
• Write a 1- page dialogue between all three
philosophers we discussed in class.
• The dialogue should have them discussing their
views (not just random weather outside).
• Example:
– Have them discuss their views on reality, society,
questioning authority, etc.