Transcript Weight Management

Chapter Fourteen
Weight Management
National Institute of Health Standards (2004)
• 65% of Americans are considered overweight
• Factors such as increased caloric consumption and
reduced physical activity contributed to the increase
• Successful weight management requires the long-term
coordination of many aspects of a wellness lifestyle
Identify Basic Concepts of
Weight Management
• Body Composition = fat free mass versus body fat
• Essential Body fat = fat tissue crucial for normal body
functioning
• Storage fat = adipose tissue often located just below the
skin and around major organs
• Body fat percentage = proportion of the body’s total
weight that is fat
• Energy Balance = using calories that you eat to maintain
vital body functions at an equal level
Determining Proper Weight and/or
Body Composition
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Height/weight table
Body Mass Index (Figure 14-3)
Electrical Impedance Analysis
Scanning Procedures
Obesity is defined as excessive body fat
Determining Proper Weight and/or
Body Composition, cont’d
• Skinfold Measurements via calipers
• Hydrostatic Weighing
• Appearance
Health Risks of Excess Body Fat
• Obesity doubles mortality rates and reduces life
expectancy by 10-20 years
• Associated with high cholesterol and triglyceride levels
• Promotes forms of heart disease as well as the
following:
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Cancer
Impaired immune system
Gall bladder and kidney disease
Bone and Joint disorders
Diabetes mellitus
Body Fat Distribution
• Distribution of body fat is an important
indicator of health
• “Apple” shape refers to storage of body fat in
the upper regions of the body (abdominals)
• “Pear’ shape refers to storage of body fat in the
lower extremities (thighs, legs, buttocks)
• Abdominal fat is more easily mobilized and sent
to the bloodstream, increasing the risk for
disease promotion
Problems Associated with Very Low
Levels of Body Fat
• Health experts have deemed low levels of body fat for
men at <5%, and women at <8%
• Excess leanness has been linked to the following:
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Muscle wasting
Reproductive, circulatory, and immune system disorders
Fatigue
Eating disorders
• Women are particularly prone towards the following:
• Female athlete triad concept
• amenorrhea
Let lifestyle be your guide for proper weight and body fat percentage
Factors Contributing to Obesity
• Genetics
• Physiological
factors (fat cells)
• Hormonal factors
• Metabolic factors
• Carbohydrate
craving
Lifestyle Factors Contributing to
Obesity
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Cultural factors
Psycho-social factors
Psychological factors
Inactivity
Dietary Practices (Eating)
Successful Weight Management
Techniques
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Dietary Alterations
Balanced diet via Portion control
Fad diets
Low Calorie Foods and Controlled Serving Sizes
Controlled fasting
Commercial weight reduction programs
Weight Management Techniques,
Physical Intervention
• Hunger and Satiety Influencing
Products
• Prescription drugs
• Surgical methods via medical
supervision
• Psychological assistance
Behavior Change Strategies You Can
Perform By Yourself
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Exercise
Dietary modifications
Lifestyle support through weight loss programs
Problem solving
Redefining ‘Health’ by reading books
Identify Eating Disorders
• Anorexia nervosa
• Bulimia nervosa
• Binge eating disorder
Treatment is hospital-based and concerns
behavioral and medical intervention
Treating Eating Disorders
• Treatment is considered multimodal and
multidimensional
• Individual, group, or family counseling
• Possible in-house patient hospitalization
• Behavioral and/or cognitive therapy
• Medications e.g. anti-depressants or appetite
stimulators
Chapter Fourteen
Weight Management