Transcript Slide 1 - CTools

The Middle East:
Its Vibrant Culture, Health
Beliefs, and Ideas
Veronika Stiles
HYGDCE 487
August 4, 2008
Defining the Middle East
• Initially British term
• Referred to as the Near East or Southwest
Asia
• Not an exactly defined area of the world
• Political concept
• Birthplace of three World religions:
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
1. Smith D. The State of the Middle East: An Atlas of Conflict and Resolution. Brighton, UK: Myraid Editions Limited; 2006.
Countries of the Middle East
Ethnicity, Language, and Religion
• The region population is 350 million
• 240 million are Arabs
• Arabic is the most spoken language
• Arabic is the language of Islam
• 90% of the population are Muslims
1. Smith D. The State of the Middle East: An Atlas of Conflict and Resolution. Brighton, UK: Myraid Editions Limited; 2006.
Crude Oil Power
• 68% of the world’s proven oil reserves
• Saudi Arabia reserves 23% of the world total
• Iraq reserves 9% of the world total
Source: Energy Information Agency/Oil and Gas Journal. (c2004 The Christian Science Monitor (www.csmonitor.com)).
1. Smith D. The State of the Middle East: An Atlas of Conflict and Resolution. Brighton, UK: Myraid Editions Limited; 2006.
Middle Eastern Immigration to the U.S.
• One of the fastest growing immigrant groups
in the U.S.
• One of the most educated immigrant groups
• Reasons for immigration to the U.S.:
1. Poor economy
2. Politically oppressed and corrupt
3. Religious conflicts
2. Camarota SA. Immigrants from the Middle East: A Profile for the Foreign-Born Population from
Pakistan to Morocco [database on the Internet]. Washington, DC: Center for
Immigration Studies. 2002 Aug; cited 2008 Aug 1. Available from:
http://www.cis.org/articles/2002/back902.html
Middle Easterners in Michigan
• In the Midwest, Michigan and Illinois are
leading states
• Michigan has the highest percentage (70%) of
Arab immigrants
2. Camarota SA. Immigrants from the Middle East: A profile for the foreign-born population from Pakistan to Morocco [database on the Internet].
Washington, DC: Center for Immigration Studies. 2002 Aug; cited 2008 Aug 1. Available from:
http://www.cis.org/articles/2002/back902.html
Gender Inequality and Health Beliefs
• Patriarchal society
• Overprotection is the male’s duty
• Strict sexual segregation
• Male doctors are preferred
• Male family member might stay and answer
questions
• Modesty is very important in Islamic tradition
3. Jenko M, Moffitt SR. Transcultural nursing principles: An application to hospice care. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2006 Jun 16; 8 (3): 172-80.
4. Fernandez VM, Fernandez KM. Transcultural nursing: Basic concepts and case studies [database on the Internet]. Cultural Diversity in Nursing.
c1997-2008 [updated 2005 Mar; cited 2008 Aug 2]. Available from: http://www.culturediversity.org/mide.htm
Health Related Practices
• Concept of an upset body balance
• Amulets against evil
• Burn incense
• Good personal hygiene and a healthy diet
• Ramadan and fasting
• Safe, simple home remedies from elders
3. Jenko M, Moffitt SR. Transcultural nursing principles: An application to hospice care. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2006 Jun 16; 8 (3): 172-80.
4. Fernandez VM, Fernandez KM. Transcultural nursing: Basic concepts and case studies [database on the Internet]. Cultural Diversity in
Nursing. c1997-2008 [updated 2005 Mar; cited 2008 Aug 2]. Available from: http://www.culturediversity.org/mide.html
5. Guiley, RE. Harper’s Encyclopedia of Mystical and Paranormal Experience. New York (NY): Harper Collins; 1991: 197.
6. Jordan M. Encyclopedia of Gods. New York (NY): Facts on File Inc.; 1993: 107.
Health Care Professional Perceptions
• Medical professions are not well-respected in
the Middle East
• Its intimate nature of the physical care needs
• Nurses are perceived as helpers
• Trust modern Western medicine
4. Fernandez VM, Fernandez KM. Transcultural nursing: Basic concepts and case studies [database on the Internet]. Cultural
Diversity in Nursing. c1997-2008 [updated 2005 Mar; cited 2008 Aug 2]. Available from:
http://www.culturediversity.org/mide.html
7. Marrone SR. Nursing in Saudi Arabia: Leadership development of a multicultural staff. JONA . 1999 Jul-Aug; 29 (7/8): 9-11.
Useful Body Language Tips
• Use of silence means the need for privacy
• Showing sole of the foot is offensive
• Use right hand when handing an item to Middle
Easterners
• Respect patient’s privacy and personal space
3. Jenko M, Moffitt SR. Transcultural nursing principles: An application to hospice care. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2006 Jun 16; 8 (3): 172-80.
Dental Appointment Considerations
• Reluctant to disclose detailed information
• Anxious to receive medications
• Answer questions, listen carefully
• Follow directions
• Stop medications with improvement
• Once improved, no follow-up appointments
4. Fernandez VM, Fernandez KM. Transcultural nursing: Basic concepts and case studies [database on the Internet]. Cultural Diversity in Nursing.
c1997-2008 [updated 2005 Mar; cited 2008 Aug 2]. Available from: http://www.culturediversity.org/mide.html
Cultural Competence
• Working with any culture, it is crucial
• A building-block approach
• Step 1: Knowledge of one’s own culture
• Step 2: Knowledge of others
• Step 3: A nonthreatening interaction
• Step 4: Tolerance
8. Willis WO. Culturally competent nursing care during the perinatal period. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 1999 Dec; 13 (3): 45-59.
Cultural Competence
• Step 5: Inclusion
• Step 6: Appreciation and Acceptance
• Step 7: Competence
• Competence = all steps blended together
8. Willis WO. Culturally competent nursing care during the perinatal period. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 1999 Dec; 13 (3): 45-59.