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Communication and
Spirituality
NUR102 Fundamentals
Culture
Defined as non physical traits such as
values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs
shared by a group of people and these
are passed down from generation to
the next generation
These values, beliefs, and norms
guide the groups thoughts and
behaviors
Transcultural Care
Dr.M.Leininger
theorist/researcher/doctrine in
anthropology; pioneered transcultural
nursing
Transcultural nursing is a comparative
study of cultures to understand
similarities and differences across
human groups; the focus is on how
patterns of behavior in health, illness,
and caring are influenced by
values/beliefs of specific cultural
groups
Transcultural Nursing Care
The goal of transcultural nursing is to
provide culturally congruent care-Cultural congruent is care that fits the
people’s valued life patterns and set of
meanings- which is generated from
the people themselves, rather than
based on predetermined criteria
Culturally congruent care
 Requires:
– Cultural Awareness
– Cultural Knowledge
– Cultural Skills
– Cultural Encounters
– Cultural Desire
Cultural affects on
Communication
Difference in Language
Non-verbal expressions
Usage of time
Space
Silence and touch
Medical Treatments Related to
Cultural Beliefs
Acceptance of invasive treatments
Receiving blood
Nutritional choices
Usage of medications
Personal definition of health
Use of religious symbols
Religion and Spirituality
Religion and Spirituality
Religion- the practice of rituals which
flesh out one’s beliefs or spirituality;
associated with the “state of doing”
followed by a system of practices
associated with particular denomination
Spirituality- is unique to each individual
and provides meaning to our lives
Religious and Spirituality
Health promotion is one holism
that is essential to consider the
spiritual aspect of our patients
Spiritual distress- the disruption of
an individual’s “life principle” which
fills the person’s entire being and
transcends one’s biological and
psychological nature
Increased Time of Spiritual
Need
Acute Illness
Chronic Illness
Terminal Illness
Individuation
Near-Death experience
Spirituality and the Nursing
Process
Assessment
Diagnosis
Goals
Implementation
Evaluation
Assessment
Faith/Beliefs
Life and self responsibility
Life satisfaction
Culture
Support systems
Rituals or practices
Client Expectations
Nursing Diagnosis
Spiritual distress related to….
Ineffective coping related to …..
Hopelessness related to……
Goals
The patient will achieve balance
between life values, goals,belief
systems, and their relationship within
themselves and others
The patient will utilize support system
Implementation
Caring behaviors
Assessing need for clergy; knowing
how to contact hospital chaplain
Prayer and rituals
Integration of care with family- provide
meals, assist with care, and support
Evaluation
Review specific goals set for patients
Determine whether they were met?
Were clients expectations met?
Future of Nursing
and Spirituality
Parish Nursing-focuses on the whole person to
emphasize wellness, disease
prevention, and health promotion
including healthy spirituality; many
roles the integrator of faith and health,
educator, counselor, referral advisor,
advocate, developer of support groups
and coordinator
Questions and Answers
Websites:
Parish Nurses Organization
– www.parishnurses.org
Transcultural Nurses Society
– www.tcns.org