Transcript WH Early Greece PP

Early Greece
Minoans
• Minoans (2000-1400 BC)
– Island of Crete: Knossos
– Sir Arthur Evans (1898-1935) ~ Excavations
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Knossos 706,000 sq feet
5,000 inhabitants
Social, political, economic, religious center.
Plumbing/No Defensive Walls
Mycenaeans
• Myceneans (2000-1200 BC)
– Mainland Greece
– Defeat Minoans: 1400s (Era of dominance: 14001200 BC) - Warrior Kings (20 ft. thick walls)
– Defeated by the Dorians 1200 BC
– Trojan War: 1100 BC
• Homer: Iliad & Odyssey
– Epic Poet or Historian?
Dorians
• Dorians – Dark Ages (1150-750 BC)
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Little is known in archaeological records.
NO trade
NO written communication
Little Technology
• Formation of City-States
– Polis – A city-state of ancient Greece.
– Acropolis – A walled, high area surrounding a polis.
– Agora – An open area that served as a meeting place
and market.
The Classical Age of Greece
Golden Age of Athens, Persian Wars,
and the Peloponnesian War
ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY
• Solon – Revised laws. Outlawed debt slavery and
tried to reduce poverty by encouraging trade.
• Cleisthenes – Divided Athens into 10 tribes that
became the basis for elections. (Credited for
creating Democracy)
• Democracy?…Really?
– Women, children, immigrants, slaves could NOT
particpate.
– 10% of population participated.
• Athens used a Direct Democracy where people
voted directly on issues.
– Why not used in United States?
• First Persian
Invasion
– Marathon (Phalanx)
• Athens beats Persia
(Darius).
• Second Persian
Invasion
– Thermopylae
• Small Greek force
held back large
Persian force for 3
days. (Xerxes)
– Salamis (Naval
Battle)
• Persia lost and were
stuck in Greece.
• Greece Wins
Persian Wars!
Persian Wars
Golden Age of Athens
• Athens & Delian League
– Alliance of Greek city-states
that was controlled by Athens.
– Parthenon was built from $
from Delian League.
• Pericles
– Skilled politician who
encouraged the spreading of
democracy.
– Commissioned the building of
the Parthenon.
ACROPOLIS
PARTHENON
TEMPLE
OF
ATHENA
NIKE
ERECTHEION
Age of Alexander
Philip II, & the Rise and Fall of
Alexander the Great, Hellenism
Philip II of Macedonia
• Macedonians thought of
themselves as Greeks,
but Greeks saw them as
inferior.
• Philip II
– Phalanx
• 16 x 16 (18 ft. pikes)
– Calvalry
• Demosthenes
– Gave warning to the
Greeks, but to no avail.
• Philip defeats Greece at
Chaeronea and then
wants to take on Persia.
– But he is assassinated.
What makes a great leader?
• You are to get into groups of 3-4 students.
• Come up with 5 traits and list them in order
of importance.
– 1 Being the most important.
• You must come to an agreement as a group.
• You have 10 minutes to make your list.
Alexander Defeats Persia
• Philip’s son Alexander proclaims
himself king of Macedonia.
• Becomes known as Alexander the
Great (13 years – many
accomplishments).
• Alexander vs. Persian King Darius
III
– Peace offer by Darius.
– Ambitious Alexander declines.
– Darius & his army flees after defeat.
• Alexander turns to Egypt (Persian
territory).
– Welcomed as a liberator & crowned
pharaoh.
Alexander Defeats Persia & More
• Alexander turns to Mesopotamia to confront
Darius.
– Battle at Gaugamela. Darius again panicked and fled.
– Opened up Persia’s wealthiest provinces to Alexander.
• Distributed wealth among his troops.
• Alexander continues into Persia’s Asian provinces
to confront Darius.
– Darius was already dead. Assassinated by one of his
own.
• Indus River Valley – Won a fierce battle (200 elephants).
Alexander & His Legacy
• Alexander’s Army marched 11,000 miles and
fought for 11 years.
Alexander was to
return home to
organize and unify his
empire. (Roads, New
Cities, Harbors).
• Generals Fight for Control
– Antigonus (King of Macedonia)
– Ptolemy (Pharaoh of Egypt)
– Seleucus (Persian Empire)
• Hellenistic
Culture –
Blending of
cultures.
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Egyptian
Persian
Greek
Indian
Alexander’s
Legacy
Pergamum:
A Hellenistic
City