Transcript greece 4
Greece Time Line (so far) 2,000 1,500 1,2001,150 700 621 594 500 490 480 477461431 300 Persia attacked The Iona Peloponnesian Age of Athens Pericles The Trojan *THE War DORIAN Emergence Cleisthenes Solon AGE* came came of into came Homer inpower tointo power and power inThe Athens in Athens. Mycaneans migrated toDraco The Xerxes Golden led Age an attack of onWar changed *Outlawed Athenian ANY govt. slavery modern-day lasted Greeceto 750 Thermopylae 431 the *Beginning Athens ofuntil Persian vs.and War Sparta *lasted until 429 *Reformed Solon’s*lasted classes by location of Salamis *lasted until 404 and *Organized not wealthancientBattle suing *Write down the dates and what took place example: 1776 - Revolutionary War Begins • The Peloponnesian War severely weakened the strongest Greek city states – Athens and Sparta • The war weakened their military and their economic powers • Just north of Greece, the kingdom of Macedonia took notice of the vulnerable Greeks – The Greeks once looked down on the Macedonians – The Greeks thought the Macedonians were uncivilized • In 359 B.C., Phillip II became the King of Macedonia when he was 23 years old. • Proved to be a great general – Transformed the peasants of Macedonia into a well trained, disciplined army The Greek city-states knew of King Phillip II’s army in the North Could not agree on a policy to unite and form one force – Stayed separate In 338, Macedonia invaded Greece – Macedonia conquered Greece at the battle of Chaeronea The Greece city-states stayed separate but were unified under Macedonian rule. – First under the rule of King Phillip II Phillip II planned to conquer Persia next – But was murdered by a former guard before he could create a plan Succeeded by his 20 year old son, Alexander Alexander the Great • In 334, Alexander decided to carry out he and his father’s plan to conquer Persia. • He led 35,000 soldiers in to Persia and won the first battle of the war. – Angered King Darius III of Persia – Darius III raised an army of 75,000 men to attack Alexander’s army Alexander received word of Darius’ upcoming attack. – He cut off the Persian forces in Anatolia Caught them by surprise – Alexander then rushed Darius’ forces • Darius was frightened and fled the battlefield. *Alexander gained control of Anatolia* • Darius tried to negotiate with Alexander – He offered Alexander all of his lands west of the Euphrates River • Alexander rejected Announced his plan to conquer the WHOLE Persian empire. • Alexander marched into Egypt in 332 B.C. – He was crowned a pharaoh – He founded the city of Alexandria along the Nile • Darius assembled an army of 250,000 men and the two armies met at Gaugamela – Once again, Alexander pushed through the Persian forces and forced Darius to flee • Darius III’s retreat ended his reign over the Persian Empire – Alexander’s army occupied Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis (Persia’s capital) *Alexander burned Persepolis to the ground • Alexander continued pushing east, conquering every civilization he encountered – Fought for 11 years – Fought all the way to India Alexander’s Empire: • In the Spring of 323, Alexander became very ill in Babylon and died at the age of 33 • After his death, his many generals fought over the legacy that he created. • Alexander’s conquering had an incredible cultural impact – Adopted Persian style of dress – Adopted many Persian ways of life • New cultures mixed: Macedonia + Greece + Persia