Transcript Ancient Greece - Cherokee County Schools

Ancient Greece
500-323 B.C.E.
Geography
Greece is a
peninsula about
the size of
Louisiana in the
Mediterranean
Sea.
 It’s very close to
Egypt, the Persian
empire (includes
Turkey) and Rome.

Greek geography
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Greece is mountainous
Greek communities
often times developed
independently because
of the mountains, thus
they were diverse
As a result, they fought
each other a lot.
Technology results from necessity

Since Greek coastal cities were
sandwiched between the ocean
and the sea, they developed an
awesome navy for trading and
fighting.
Greek fighting ship
“Galley”
Technology results from scarcity

All cities need fresh
water. This is a
Greek aqueduct,
basically a brick
water pipe.
 The first aqueduct
was Assyrian, but
most ancient
societies had them.
Terracing saves water and soil in
mountainous environments
Greek Inventions

The Greeks
invented dice.
The Greeks were the original
Olympiads.
Their scientists studied the best
way to
perform sports
Greek Invention

The Greeks
invented the crane.
Greek Architecture

Greeks invented
arches and
columns.
 This obviously took
advanced
mathematics.
More Greek Architecture
Greek Military

This is a catapult, a
Greek invention.
 It could throw 300
pound stones at
walls and buildings
Greek Military

This is a phalanx.
 Soldiers get in a
tight box. They
each have a large
shield and a 9 foot
long spear.
Flamethrower!!!!!
Greek religion was polytheistic.
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Aphrodite – The
sensual goddess of
beauty
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Ares – The
bloodthirsty god of
War
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Athena – The
sophisticated goddess
of Wisdom and Art
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Apollo – The
youthful god of the
Sun and Music
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Artemis – The wild
goddess of the Hunt
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Dionysus – The
joyful god of wine
and pleasure
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Hera – The mature
goddess of the Family
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Hades – The gloomy
god of the
Underworld
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Poseidon – The
moody god of the
Seas
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Zeus – The heavenly
King of the Gods
Direct participation was the key to Athenian democracy. In the
Assembly, every male citizen was not only entitled to attend as
often as he pleased but also had the right to debate, offer
amendments, and vote on proposals. Every man had a say in
whether to declare war or stay in peace. Basically any thing
that required a government decision, all male citizens were
allowed to participate in.
Political terms
All of Greece wasn’t
a democracy.
 Most of Greece was
a monarchy a type of
government ruled by
a king or queen.
 At right is Pericles, a
good king of Athens.

Sparta

Sparta was an isolated
city-state that was
culturally and politically
different from Athens.
 Sparta was an
oligarchy, government
ruled by a few. They
had 2 kings.
 During the
Peloponnesian Sparta
sacked Athens.
Sparta

Spartan society was
obsessed with war.
 Boys were sent to
military school at
age 7.
 Boys who are born
deformed are left to
die on
mountainsides
THIS IS SPARTA!!
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At age 20, Spartan men had to
pass a series of tests of
physical and leadership abilities.
Those that passed became
members of the Spartan
military, and lived in barracks
with the other soldiers.
They were allowed to take a
wife, but they weren't allowed to
live with her. At age 30, they
became full citizens of Sparta,
provided they had served
honorably. They were required
to continue serving the military,
however, until age 60
Spartan Women

Somewhat ironically, women
in Sparta had much more
independence than women
in other city-states, partially
because their husbands
never lived at home, and
partially because Spartans
had tremendous respect for
Spartan mothers.

Spartan woman
were REQUIRED
to stay physically
fit.
Social Classes
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Spartans were either
Perioeci (citizens who paid
taxes, served in the army
and were protected by
Spartan laws) or Helots
(people from lands
conquered and ruled by
Sparta
The top class or “true
Spartans” ruled and were the
wealthiest
The middle class was
made of merchants and
businessmen
The largest class was that
of the Helots
HELOTS
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Spartan citizens
were given land
which was farmed
for them by the
Helots.
 The Helots were
treated as serfs
(slaves) and had to
give half their crops
to their Spartan
master.
Athens

Athenians were
tough but were
encouraged to
engage in
activities like art,
philosophy,
music.
Athens Education
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The primary purpose of Athenian education was to
produce thinkers, people well-trained in arts and
sciences, people prepared for peace or war.
Young Athenian boys were tutored at home until
the age of six or seven, and then they were sent to
neighborhood schools for primary education until they
were 14 years of age.
These schools were usually private schools, but
tuition costs were low enough that even most poor
Athenians could afford to send their boys to school
for at least a few years
Athenian Education Con’t
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During primary school, younger boys learned how to
play ball games, while older boys were taught more
military-type activities, such as running, boxing, and
wrestling.
All Athenian boys were expected to read heavily,
because literature played a very important part in
their education. The national epic poems, Homer's
Illiad and Odyssey, were mandatory teaching in all
Athenian elementary schools.
Socrates

Insisted that morality was part of philosophy
 He emphasized asking questions, and
having his students examine their own beliefs
 The Athenians thought he caused too much
trouble by having his students question the
gods
 The Athenians gave him the option between
exile or death. He chose to take his own life
by drinking hemlock, a poison
Plato
Socrates inspired Plato, one of his
students.
 Wrote more than 30 works of his
philosophy called Dialogues
 He recognized that the invisible things
in nature all had order and purpose

Aristotle

Wrote much on Ethics
Thought that all knowledge was not
innate but learned through a process
 Agreed to the idea of order and purpose
in the universe

Athenian Government
Athens’ government frequently changed. The
move towards democracy started with Solon
 He was an aristocrat who introduced
democratic principles to Athenian government
 His laws gave all free adult males the right
to participate in the assembly
 The assembly voted on new legislation and
other major decisions
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WELCOME DEMOCRACY
Greatest Leader
PERICLES….King of Athens
 An aristocrat who brought democracy to
its full measure
 He made it possible for the poor to still
be politically active
 He asked for fees to be paid for those
who serviced politically
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Athens Govt

Freedom to:
– Have a say in public business
– Live a private life without interferences
– Rise, by one’s own merits, from poverty and
obscurity to renown and wealth

Athenians used their freedom to freely:
– Obeyed the laws and authorities
– Refrained from injuring one another
– Displayed valor to defend their city
Athenian Military

This is a hoplite, a
Greek infantry
soldier.
 Hoplites were
middle-class
freemen who had to
pay for their own
weapon and shield.
Alexander the Great

Alexander was not
from Athens, but
Macedonia.
 Alexander was a
brilliant military
strategist.
 His favorite book
was Homer’s Iliad
Alexander conquered the Persian
empire and controlled the largest
empire the world has ever seen.
What happens when
cultures collide?
Alexander spread Hellenistic
culture throughout Asia.

Hellenistic is a fancy
word for Greek.
 Alexander spread
Greek technology
and ideas
throughout his
empire
The Roman Coliseum has a
strong Hellenistic influence.
What buildings in the USA have
a Hellenistic influence?
Lincoln Memorial
Any questions
before the quiz?
Greece Quiz
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1.What is Greece’s political contribution to
the political world (especially the United
States)?
2. How did geography influence Greece’s
economy and military technology?
3. How did Hellenistic ideas spread
throughout Asia?
4. Describe an example of how necessity
brings about technological change.
5. Define monarchy
6. Define oligarchy
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