Transcript Ancient Greece

U2LG1 –
Classical Civilizations: Greece
Learning Obj. 1: Describe the major political,
religious/philosophical and cultural influences of
classical Greece and Rome including the origins and
central ideas of Christianity and the legal tradition. (3A,
19B, 21B,22B, 25B)
What is my goal?
How am I going to achieve this goal?
Ancient Greece
• Since Greece has many islands, sea travel became very
important.
• They traveled the Aegean Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and
the Black Sea.
Greece -- Geography
• Greece is a land of
many mountain ranges
and small islands
• This isolated early
Greek cities from one
another and led to
highly independent
communities and
competitive rivalries.
• These separate citystates developed their
own form of
governments and
system of laws.
The FIRST Greek State: Mycenae
• The Mycenaeans: 1600-1100 B.C.
• Mainland Greeks
• Many scattered monarchies built on hills and surrounded by
huge stone walls
• A warrior civilization who prided themselves on heroism and
battles for land and territory.
Homer: The most famous
epic- poet
• The most famous of these wars (the Trojan War) was written
about by the poet Homer in the Illiad.
• Epic-poem: a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero.
• The Illiad was meant to be memorized and recited and taught
young Greek boys the ideals of courage, honor and valor in
battle.
Trojan War
&
Homer
• The Iliad and Odyssey first great epic poems of early Greece. Stories
were passed from generation to generation.
• Epic Poem – long poem that tells the deed of a great hero.
• The war was caused by the kidnapping of Helen of Troy.
• Homers work was used as the basis of later Greek culture. The view
of morals and hero behavior was instilled in Greek city states later
in history.
The Iliad and the
Odyssey
• Like the Minoans, the Mycenaean civilization collapsed due to
natural disasters and invaders.
• Major earthquakes caused damage to Mycenaean cities.
• In the 12th century B.C., Greek-speaking invaders moved into
Greece from the north and Mycenaean civilization collapsed.
Greek City-States- (750-500 B.C)
• Greek city-states called a polis became the center of Greek life.
• Polis- a town, city or village and its surrounding countryside.
• Cities were generally located on a hill fortified with walls called an
acropolis.
Society of the Polis
• Citizens with political rights (adult males)
• Citizens without political rights (women &
children)
• Noncitizens ( slaves and resident aliens or
foreigners)
Sparta vs Athens
Boys Childhood
• At birth children were
examined to see if they
were fit to live.
• Those unfit were left on a
mountain side to die.
• Taken from mother at the
age of 7 and put under
control of the state.
• Boys lived in military
barracks and treated
harshly to toughen them
and make them mean.
• Their education was based
on military training and
obedience to authority.
• Athenian children were
nurtured by their mother
until the age of 7.
• At 7 a boy of the upper
class was turned over to
the families male servant
known as a pedagogue. He
accomanied the child to
school.
• The pedagogue was
responsible for teaching
the child good manners.
• The education was meant
to make Athen boys well
rounded. They had three
teachers. One to teach to
read, write and arithmetic.
Second to teach PE. Third
for music.
SPARTA
• At birth children were examined to
see if they were fit to live.
• Those unfit were left on a mountain
side to die.
• Taken from mother at the age of 7
and put under control of the state.
• Boys lived in military barracks and
treated harshly to toughen them
and make them mean.
• Their education was based on
military training and obedience to
authority.
SPARTA
• Although he was allowed to marry, a Spartan warrior had to live in
the barracks until he was 30 (when he could vote in the assembly).
• He would remain in the army until he was 60 (if he survived that
long).
Spartan Women
• Spartan women had a reputation for being some of the most
beautiful and fierce women of Greece.
• Also went through physical training- running, wrestling and
throwing the javelin.
Government of Sparta
• Oligarchy – government ruled by few.
• Sparta’s Oligarchy – headed by two kings, who led the
Spartan army. Group of five men, known as ephors were
elected and responsible for education of youth and conduct
of citizens. A council of elders, composed of the two kings
and 28 citizens over the age of 60.
ATHENS
• Athenian children were nurtured by
their mother until the age of 7.
• At 7 a boy of the upper class was
turned over to the families male
servant known as a pedagogue. He
accompanied the child to school.
• The pedagogue was responsible for
teaching the child good manners.
• The education was meant to make
Athen boys well rounded. They had
three teachers. One to teach to
read, write and arithmetic. Second
to teach PE. Third for music.
Democracy in Athens
• Democratic ideas based on
Athenian experience with
limited government.
• Direct Democracy – people
participate directly in
government decision making
through mass meetings. Every
male citizen over 18
participated in Athens.
Athenian Education
• Athenian boys were taught a
well rounded educationschool began at 7
• Reading writing and
arithmetic
• Physical education
• Music (playing the lyre and
singing)
• Athenians became an adult
citizen at 18.
Athenian
Women
• Women’s lives centered around the home.
• A girl’s mother taught her housework, spinning and weaving.
• Good wives must stay inside and out of sight and must be above
suspicion.
Most Women did not receive an
education. Some wealthy families
would teach their daughters to
read, write and play the lyre.