Transcript Warring City-States - Loudoun County Public Schools

 Geography

How did the following impact Greece?
 Sea
 Mountains
 Climate

Why did the Greeks have so many colonies
throughout Mediterranean?
 Standard WHI.5
 Students will be able to
demonstrate knowledge
of ancient Greece in terms
of its impact on Western
civilization by:
Identifying the social
structure and role of
slavery, and comparing
the city-states of Athens
and Sparta
 Evaluating the significance
of the Persian wars

 Essential Questions
 How did Sparta differ
from Athens?
 Why were wars with
Persia important to the
development of Greek
culture?
 Polis
 750 B.C.E.
 Fundamental political unit
in Ancient Greece

Made up of a city and
surrounding countryside
 Greek Political Structures
 Several types of
governments

• Kings and Queens rule


Often less than 20,000
residents
Had agora (public center)
and acropolis (fortified hill
top)
Aristocracy
• Ruled by a small group of
people, usually nobles
• CITY-STATE!!!!!!

Monarchy

Oligarchy
• Ruled by a few powerful people,
usually wealthy merchants

Direct Democracy
• Rule by the people
 New kind of Army
 Iron emerges
 Cheaper
than bronze, more
available
 Ordinary citizens could afford
weapons
 Citizens expected to defend
Polis
 Emergence of Phalanx
 Lived in the Peloponnesus
(southern Greece)
 Location
 Southern Greece
 On the Peloponnesus
 Near the Gulf of Corinth
 Conquerors
 Conquered neighbors a 725
B.C.E.


Called helots (slaves)
Revolt of helots in 600
B.C.E. forced Spartans to
strengthen military
 Government and
Society

Oligarchy – headed by two
kings
 Council of Elders
• Proposed laws to assembly
• Made up of 2 kings and 28
citizens over 60 years old
• Ephors- 5 elected officials
carried out laws
 Led education of youth
 Social Structure


Diverse social groups
Rigid structure
Education in Sparta
 Women
 Hardy lives
 Service to Sparta above
family
 Women had more rights
than most areas
 Men
 Life centered around military
training


Did not encourage arts


Age 7- left for barracks
Stressed duty, strength,
discipline
Militaristic and aggressive
society
 Women
 Expected to produce
healthy, warrior sons

Exercised and strengthened
their bodies
Had to obey husband and
father
 Had right to inherit property


Ran family estates while men
were at war
 Affairs
 Isolated itself
 Looked down on trade
and wealth
 Forbade travel
 Located in Attica
 Under protection of
Goddess Athena
 Several types of
governments

Called the "cradle of
democracy”
 Noble landowners had
power
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
State ruled by King
State ruled by
Nobility
State ruled by a small State ruled by its
group of citizens
citizens
Rule is hereditary
Rule is hereditary
and based on land
ownership
Rule is based on
wealth
Some rulers claim
divine right
Social status and
wealth support
ruler’s authority
Ruling group controls Majority rule decides
military
vote
Practiced in Mycenae Practiced in Athens
and Athens
Practiced in Sparta
Direct Democracy
Rule is based on
citizenship
Practiced in Athens
 Stages of evolution in Athenian
government


Early Athens was ruled by a king
Aristocracy took power in 7th century

They owned land and political power
 Tyrants who worked for reform
 Draco
 Solon
 Origin of democratic principles
 Direct democracy
 Public debate
 Duties of the citizen
 Clashes between aristocrats
and common people
 Draco 621 B.C.E.



Wrote first legal code
Contracts/property ownership
Conflicts continued
 Solon 594 B.C.E.
 Aristocrats prevented civil war
by electing Solon to head the
government
 Gave him power to reform law
 Solon’s Political Reforms
 Outlawed slavery
 All citizens allowed to
participate in Athenian
assembly
 Bring charges against
wrongdoers
 Neglected land reforms


Led to fighting
Pisistratus 546 B.C.E. seizes
power as a Tyrant
 Economic Reforms
 Encouraged export of grapes
and olives
 Profitable overseas trade
 Only males could participate
in Assembly


Women could not vote
Women were “imperfect
beings” without the ability to
reason
 Wealthy women lived in
seclusion in homes and
managed household.
 Poor women tended sheep,
were spinners or weavers.
 Slaves made up 1/3 of
population

Could not vote
 Girls received no
education
 Boys attend school if
affordable



Studied reading, writing,
poetry, and music
Studied public speaking
Received military training
 Angry at an insult, sent
messengers into Greece
asking for gifts of
“earth and water”

Most city-states obeyed
 Athens and Sparta did
not submit

A united Greece came
together to face the
Persian Empire in battle
 500 B.C. Athens was
wealthiest city-state and
had helped Ionian Greeks
rebel against Persia

Persians crushed the rebel
cities
 Darius wanted to punish the
Athenians

Sent the Persian army, landed
at Marathon
 Persian War united Athens
and Sparta against the
Persian Empire
 Battle at Marathon
 490 B.C.E.
 Persian fleet lands with
25,000 men
 Greek phalanx destroyed
the Persians
 Athens was defenseless
 Pheidippides “raced” back
to Athens to warn the city

Saved the city
 After Darius’ death, his son
Xerxes wanted revenge

480 B.C. brought a larger force
to Greece
 Met resistance with a small
force of Spartans at
Thermopylae

Led by King Leonidas


Greeks divided and weak
300 Spartans sacrificed
themselves at the Battle of
Thermopylae
 After defeating the
Spartans, marched to
Athens and burned it to the
ground

Athenians had already left
 Battle at Salamis
 destroyed the Persian fleet


1/3 sank
Left Greeks in control of the
Aegean Sea
 Themistocles had built ships
to help defend Greece after
Marathon
 Greeks lured the Persians
ships into the straight of
Salamis and tore them to
pieces
 Greeks then marched into
Asia Minor and ended the
Persian invasion

Spartans finally defeated
Persians at Plataea 479
B.C.E.
 Athens emerged most
powerful city-state
 Athens emerges in a
position of strength

 Organized an alliance with
other city-states called the
Delian league
Athens was pursuing
aggressive policies against
neighboring state
 Athens was moving
towards democracy

Pericles will come to power
and take Athens’ into its
Golden Age.
Who?
The united Greek city-states vs. the Persian Empire.
Greece Wins!!!!
When?
499 B.C.E. – 449 B.C.E.
Why?
Control of the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas and
the economic advantages that go along with
controlling the seas.
Major Battles?
2 Major Battles were at Marathon and Salamis. The
Greeks defeated the Persians in both.
Results of War
Athens emerges as the dominant power in Greece
after the formation of the Delian League. The Delian
League was an alliance between Athens and other
Greek city-states (not Sparta) that made Athens
wealthy and powerful.
 Standard WHI.5
 Students will be able to
demonstrate knowledge
of ancient Greece in
terms of its impact on
Western civilization by:


Identifying the social
structure and role of
slavery, and comparing the
city-states of Athens and
Sparta
Evaluating the significance
of the Persian wars
 Essential Questions
 How did Sparta differ
from Athens?
 Why were wars with
Persia important to the
development of Greek
culture?