Transcript Pharmacology endocrine MCQs 4

Somatropin (Humatrope) is being given to a female patient with Turner syndrome.
Which of the following findings is associated with this medication?
A. Decreased ALT and AST level
B. Mild hyperglycemia
C. Hypotension
D. Water
The answer is B. Somatropin is a growth hormone. Excess growth hormone causes
insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Option A : Elevated AST and ALT is expectd.
Option C : Hypertension, not hypotension is a side effect. Option D is not related
symptom to this medication
A nurse provides instructions to a client regarding the administration of the prednisone
and instructs the client that the best time to take the medication is during :
A. Any time of the day
B. Early morning
C. Lunch
D. Before
The answer is B. Prednisone is a corticosteroid (glucocorticoids) is administered early in
the morning because it helps in reducing adrenal insufficiency and stimulate the burst
of glucocorticoids released naturally by the adrenal glands each morning.
A patient with diabetes insipidus is taking antidiuretic hormone. Which of the following
symptoms would alert the need to decrease the dosage?
A. Alopacia
B. Jaundice
C. Diarrhea
D. Drowsiness
The answer is D. One of the side effects of taking antidiuretic hormone is water intoxication
which is manifested by a headache, drowsiness, light-headedness and shortness of breath.
This could indicate the need to reduce the dosage. Options A, B and C are not signs to this
medication.
Which one of the following medications decreases the action of thyroid hormone?
A. Metformin
B. Warfarin
C. Zoloft
D. Epinephrine
The answer is D. Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic drug when taken with a thyroid
hormone decreases its action. Options B (anticoagulant).Option C (antidepressant) and
option D (sympathomimetic) increase the action of thyroid hormone
Prednisone is prescribed for a patient with diabetes mellitus who is using Humulin 70/30 daily.
Which of the following prescription-changes does the nurse expect during the therapy with the
prednisone?
A. An addition of an oral hypoglycemic medication
B. Increased dosage of prednisone
C. Increased dosage of humulin 70/30
D. Decreased dosage of humulin 70/30
The answer is C. Prednisone a glucocorticoid increases blood glucose level hence people
with diabetes need to increase the dosage of thir insulin. Options A, B, and D will not
help the cause
A nurse is instructing a patient regarding intranasal Vasopressin (Pitressin). The nurse
tells the patient that which of the following is a side effect specific to the medication?
A. Runny nose
B. Headache
C. Flushing
D. Nausea
The answer is A. Vasopressin administered via intranasal route causes nasal
congestion/runny nose. Options B, C, and D are the side effects of the medication
administered intravenously.
A nurse is performing an assessment on a newly admitted patient who is taking
propylthiouracil (PTU) daily. The nurse suspects that the client has a history of :
A. Addison's disease
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Grave’s disease
D. Myxoedema
The answer is C. Propylthiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone and is used
to treat Grave’s disease or hyperthyroidism. Options A and B are disorders related to
adrenal function. Options A and B are disorders related to adrenal function. Option C
indicates hypothyroidism.
A nurse is giving discharge instructions to a patient who is taking levothyroxine (Synthroid).
The nurse instructs the patient to notify the physician if which of the following occurs?
A. Cold intolerance
B. Tremors
C. Coarse, dry hair
D. Muscle cramps
The answer is B. Excessive doses of levothyroxine can produce signs and symptoms of
hyperthyroidism whih includes heat tolerance, tremors, nervousness, tachycardia, chest
pain, hyperthermia and insomnia. Options A, C and D are signs of hypothyroidism.
A nurse is giving instructions a patient who is taking levothyroxine (Synthoid). The nurse
tells the patient that the best time to take this medication is :
A. During bed time
B. After lunch
C. Taken with food
D. Taken on an empt stomach
The answer is D. Levothyroxine is taken on an empty stomach usually before breakfast
to enhance the absorption
Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is given to a patient with diabetes insipidus. Which of
the following therapeutic responses should you expect?
A. Decreased blood pressure
B. Decreased attention span
C. Deceased urinary output
D. Decreased blood sugar
The answer is C. The therapeutic response of this medication is decreased urine because
it promotes renal conservation of water. Options A, B and D are effects unrelated to this
medication.
A patient of adrenal insufficiency is to be discharged and is given Prednisolone as a
home medication. The nurse instructs the patient the following except :
A. To avoid aspirin-containing products
B. To avoid foods rich in potassium
C. To avoid caffeinated drinks
D. To avoid individuals with respiratory infections
The answer is B. One of the side effects of taking prednisolone is hypokalemia so a
potassium rich food should be included in the diet. Should not be avoided. Steroids have
a tendency to cause peptic ulcer and one should not increase the risk of ulceration by
taking aspirin. Those who are on long term steroid therapy are susceptible to infections
and should avoid individuals with respiratory infections
Sildenafil (Viagra) is given to a patient with erectile dysfunction. Which of the following
is a contraindication for this medication?
A. Blurred vision
B. Neuralgia
C. Use of vitamins
D. Use of nitroprusside
The answer is D. Sildenafil is contraindicated in patients taking nitrates, nitroprusside
and betablockers. Options A and B are the side effects of this medication. Option C is not
contraindicated with the use of sildenafil.
Glipizide (Glucotrol) is prescribed to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The nurse instructs
the patient to avoid which of the following?
A. Soft drinks
B. Oatmeal
C. Alcohol
D. Organ meats
The answer is C. Alcohol when consumed while taking glipizide, a disulfiram-like (Antabuse)
reaction occurs. Patient may have flushing, headache and nausea. In addition large amounts
of alcohol cause hypoglycemia. Options A, B and D need not be avoided.
A nurse is teaching a patient on how to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe.
Which of the following actions, if performed by the patient, indicates the need for further
teaching?
A. Withdraws regular insulin first
B. Withdraws NPH insulin first
C. Injects an amount of air equivalent to the desired dose of insulin
D. Injects air into the NPH insulin first
The answer is B. The regular insulin is drawn into the syringe first then the NPH. This will
avoid contaminating the regular insulin vial with another type. Options A, C and D are
correct actions for preparing regular and NPH insulins.
A patient is taking insulin glargine injection daily. The nurse instructs the client that the
onset of action will likely to be:
A. 2-4 hours after administration
B. 4-12 hours after administration
C. 6-12 hours after administration
D. 18-24 hours after administration
The answer is A. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin with an onset of 2-4 hours, no
peak and its duration of action is 24 hours.
A private nurse visits a patient who is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily. The patient asks
the nurse on how to store the unopened vials of insulin. The nurse tells the patient to :
A. Store it at room temperature
B. Store it in the freezer
C. Store it in the refrigerator
D. Keep the insulin in a dry place under sunlight
The answer isC. Unopened insulin is stored in the refrigerator until the expiry date. Option A:
only opened vials are stored at room temperature and it will only last for 28 days. Option B:
It should never be stored in the freezer. Option D : insulin is sensitive to light and should not
be kept in sunlight.
A patient with diabetes mellitus type I was prescribed Exenatide (Bydureon). The nurse
will take which of the following appropriate action?
A.
B.
C.
Withdraw the insulin from the prefilled pen into an insulin syringe
Monitor for signs of nausea, vomiting and gastric upset
Administer the medication twice a day
The answer is D. Exenatide is only used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2 only. Therefore,
holding the medication and calling the physician to question the order is appropriate.
Option A : A prefilled pen is ready for injection; there is no need to withdraw. Options B
and C : although are correct about the medication, it should not be administered in
these kind of situations
Which of the following insulins cannot be mixed with any other type of insulin?
A. Insulin glargine
B. Insulin aspart
C. Insulin isophane
D. Insulin lispro
The answer is A. Only insulin glargine cannot be mixed with any other type of insulin
All of the following medications cause hypoglycemia except :
A. Salicylates
B. Oral contraceptives
C. Sulfonamides
D. Anticoagulants
The answer is B. Oral contraceptive cause hyperglycemia not hypoglycemia. Medications
such as thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, estrogen and
sympathomimetics cause hyperglycemia.
A nurse is providing instruction to a patient who is prescribed Repaglinide (Prandin). All
of which is true regarding this medication except :
A. Do not skip the dose when a meal is not taken
B. Dizziness may occur while taking it
C. Has quicker and shorter duration of action
D. Used to treat type II diabetes mellitus
The answer is A. Repaglinide (Prandin) is a meglitinide type of antidiabetic which has a
quick onset of action whichallows a patient to take the medication with meals and skip a
dose when a meal is skipped.