Transcript Chapter 4 section 3

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
•
Summarize how the Persian Wars affected Greece.
•
Explain how Pericles instituted a direct democracy
in Athens.
•
Understand the causes and effects of the
Peloponnesian War.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
•
alliance – a formal agreement between two or
more nations or powers to cooperate and come
to one another’s defense
•
Pericles – Athenian statesman during the golden
age of Athens
•
direct democracy – a system of government in
which citizens take part directly in the day-to-day
affairs of government
•
stipend – a fixed salary
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
(continued)
•
jury – a panel of citizens who have the authority
to make the final judgment in a trial
•
ostracism – a process by which a public figure
is banished from the city for a period of years
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did war with invaders and conflict
among Greeks affect the city-states?
Greek city-states often fought one another.
When Greeks were threatened by the Persians,
they eventually united to defend their
independence. However, a later war among the
city-states led to the decline of Greek power.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Persians conquered a huge empire in Asia,
including the Greek city-state Ionia.
Athens sent ships
to help the Ionians.
The Persians decided
to punish them.
Persia invaded Athens in
490 B.C. The Athenians,
although outnumbered,
were victorious.
The Athenian leader
Themistocles knew
they would be
attacked again.
Athens joined with
Sparta and other Greek
city-states to fight a
new Persian invasion.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Persians invaders under King Xerxes invaded in 480
B.C. They were met by Spartan warriors.
The Persians defeated
the Spartans and moved
on to Athens, but it was
empty. Its inhabitants
had withdrawn.
Athenians lured
Persian ships
to a narrow
strait and sank
them.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Persian invasions ended when the Greeks
defeated them on land.
Athens
emerged
from the
war as
the most
powerful
city-state.
It organized
a formal
alliance
with other
Greek citystates called
the Delian
League.
Athens used
its leadership
position to
create an
empire,
dominating
the other
members.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens
enjoyed a golden age from 460 B.C. to 429 B.C.
At this time,
Athens was
a direct
democracy.
The Athenian assembly met
several times a month.
A council selected by lot
conducted daily government
business.
Even poor men could serve
in government, because
those who participated in the
assembly received a stipend.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Athenians served on juries,
which at that time could
consist of hundreds or
thousands of citizens.
Citizens could vote to banish
public figures from the city,
a process called ostracism.
During this Age of
Pericles, Athens
prospered.
Pericles
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Athens became the cultural center of Greece.
Pericles rebuilt the Acropolis, which had been
destroyed by the Persians.
He encouraged the arts through public festivals,
dramatic competitions, and building programs.
This policy increased prosperity by giving jobs to
artisans and workers.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Other city-states resented Athenian domination of
the Delian League. Enemies of Athens, led by Sparta,
formed the Peloponnesian League.
War broke out between
Athens and Sparta in 431 B.C.
All of Greece soon became
involved in the Peloponnesian
War, which lasted 27 years.
Sparta and its
allies conquered
Athens in 404 B.C.,
and Athenian
dominion declined.