Transcript 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the
functions and disorders of
the muscular system
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the
muscular system
• What are the characteristics of muscles?
• What are the functions of the muscular system?
• What are common disorders of the muscular
system?
• How are muscular disorders treated?
• How does the muscular system relate to the
body’s support and movement?
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disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
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disorders of the muscular system
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disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
• Contractibility- ability of a muscle to reduce the
distance between the parts of its contents or the
space it surrounds.
• Excitability (IRRITABILTY)- the ability to respond
to certain stimuli by producing impulses.
• Extensibility- the ability to be stretched.
• Elasticity- ability of muscle to return to its original
length when relaxing.
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
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Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation
+
contraction of muscle proteins
=
movement and heat
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Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site of
muscle stimulus.
The sodium-potassium
pump of the membrane of
a muscle cell.
The purpose of this slide is to
illustrate the complexity of the
process of movement.
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Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability
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disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
Extensibility
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disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity
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disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
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disorders of the muscular system
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Muscle Tone
Discuss muscle tone.
• Atrophy:
a- ________ -trophy ________
• Hypertrophy:
hyper- _______ -trophy ________
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Muscle Tone
John just got a cast off
his leg. His calf muscle
on the affected leg is 1”
smaller in diameter than
his other calf muscle.
• What happened?
• How do you explain
this to him?
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Muscle Tone
Exercise & Training
What are the
advantages of
exercise?
Are there any
disadvantages of
exercise?
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Muscle Fatigue
Discuss muscle fatigue:
– What causes muscle fatigue?
– How does the body correct muscle fatigue?
– Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not?
– Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
• Give examples of each.
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Muscle Fatigue
• Muscles need fuel in the form of nutrients
and oxygen in order to survive and
function.
• Glycogen stored in muscle- converted to
glucose-converted to ATP which powers
the muscle. When glycogen isn’t available
glycogen is converted to ATP and a
byproduct – lactic acid builds up in muscle
causing fatigue.
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Muscle fatigue
• Can lead to dehydration and body injury such as
strains or sprains
• Aerobic exercise-any activity that uses large
muscle groups such as running, dancing,
swimming used to increase endurance
• Anaerobic exercise- relies on blood sugar
instead of oxygen- ex. weightlifting
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Movement:
Skeletal Muscle
• Receptors in muscles provide the brain with
information about body position and movement.
• The brain controls the contraction of skeletal
muscle.
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Movement
Discuss the mechanism
of skeletal muscle
movement to include:
Point of origin
Point of insertion
Identify the:
Prime mover
Antagonist
Synergists
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Movement
• Prime mover• Antagonists.
muscle responsible
antagonist - a
for producing a
muscle that relaxes
particular
while another
movement
contracts; "when
bending the elbow
the triceps are the
antagonist"
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Muscle movement
• The Synergist
muscles are the other
muscles used when
focusing on a target
muscle. For
instance...push ups
are targeting the
pecs, but at the same
time you are working
your triceps.
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Movement:
Digestive System
The nervous system regulates the speed at which
food moves through the digestive tract.
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Movement:
Circulatory System
Heartbeat
The nervous system and hormones regulate the
speed at which the heart beats.
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Posture
• How does the muscular system effect
posture?
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Body Heat
What is the body’s response to cold? Why?
How is this response helpful?
How does the body respond to exercise? Why?
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• Body HumanPushing the limitsstrength
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Myopathy
Myo-Muscle
-pathy- disease
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Fibromyalgia
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to
fibromyalgia.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
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Fibromyalgia
• Cause- unknown but may be neurological
• Symptoms- chronic pain, fatigue,
depression, sleep disorders
• Diagnosis- location of pain confined to “
tender points”
• Treatment- treat symptoms- exercise, pain
relievers, antidepressants
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Hernia
Discuss hernias.
Causes
Locations
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
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Hernia
• Causes-tears in muscles
• Locations- abdomen , inguinal area
• Symptoms- protrusion of an organ through
a muscle wall
• Diagnosis – patient history / exam/ x-ray
• Treatment- reduction/ binding/ surgery
• Prognosis- can reoccur with strain on
muscle
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Muscle Spasms
(Involuntary hypertonicity)
Discuss muscle spasms.
Causes
Locations
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
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Muscle spasms
• Causes- sudden, severe involuntary muscle contraction
from prolonged physical activity, dehydration,
menstruation
• Symptoms- cramping of muscles- often calf muscle
• Diagnosis- history, exam, sometimes blood work to
check electrolytes
• Treatment- rest, passive stretching, dietary electrolyte
replacement- like gatorade
• Prognosis- good, may reoccur
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Muscular Dystrophy
• Discuss the picture and how it relates to
muscular dystrophy.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
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Muscular Dystrophy
• Cause- genetic defect in muscle protein causes
disintegration of muscle fibers
• Symptoms- muscle weakness in early stage- progressive
muscle weakness including skeletal, cardiac, and
smooth muscles.
• Diagnosis- PE, genetic test,
electromyogram(EMG)muscle biopsy
• Treatment- No real treatment, fatal in adolescence or
young adulthood. Manage symptoms, palliative care.
Some experimental treatments in development
• Prognosis- depends on progression of muscle weakness
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Myasthenia Gravis
Discuss the picture and how it relates to
myasthenia gravis.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
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Myasthemia Gravis
• Causes- autoimmune attack at
neuromuscular junction
• Symptoms- progressive flucuating muscle
weakness, often starts with eye and facial
muscles
• Diagnosis- blood tests, EMG
• Treatment- medications
• Prognosis- good with proper treatment
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Strain
•
•
•
•
What happened here?
What symptoms is this man having? Why?
How will he treat them?
What is his prognosis?
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Strains
• Acute injury that may include pain,
stiffness, bruising, weakness, loss of
function
• Diagnosis made from exams, X-ray
• Treatment- RICE- rest, ice, compress,
elevate , pain meds.. Heat, PT, Surgery
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Tendonitis
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to
tendonitis.
Cause- overuse
Symptoms-pain
Diagnosis- x-ray
Treatment-RICE
Meds,
Prognosis-good
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Tetanus
Discuss the picture and how it relates to tetanus.
Cause-Bacterial infection
Symptoms- progressive muscle spasms, paralysis, pain
esp. in jaw
Diagnosis-PE, labs,
History of wound
Treatment-treat wound,
Tetanus shot, ventilator, pain
managment
Prognosis- good with
Proper treatment
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disorders of the muscular system
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1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the
muscular system
• What are the characteristics of muscles?
• What are the functions of the muscular system?
• What are common disorders of the muscular
system?
• How are muscular disorders treated?
• How does the muscular system relate to the
body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
43