Transcript OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Training

OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Training
This module is for any associate who needs bloodborne
pathogen training.
In this module, you will explore:
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Exposure to bloodborne diseases
Bloodborne diseases found in a hospital setting
The Bloodborne Exposure Control Plan
Standard Precautions
Hepatitis B vaccination
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Hazardous Communications
Work Practice and Engineering Controls
In the workplace …
• Exposure to bloodborne pathogens in the workplace is a
concern to health care workers and employers.
• The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) has a standard to address this concern.
▫ The Bloodborne Pathogens Rule requires both employers and
workers to prevent the spread of bloodborne diseases.
What Does OSHA Require?
• OSHA requires
employers to develop a
Bloodborne Pathogen
Exposure Control Plan.
• This plan outlines
protective practices to
decrease the risk for
hospital employees who
might be exposed to
bloodborne diseases.
Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan
• The plan includes:
▫ Exposure determination
▫ Procedures for protecting workers
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Standard Precautions
Hepatitis B Vaccinations
Personal Protective Equipment
Hazard Communications
Work Practice and Engineering Controls
▫ Post-exposure follow-up to a bloodborne
disease.
• The Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control
Plan is located on the Intranet in St. Elizabeth
Policy and Procedures in the Infection
Control Manual.
Protecting Yourself – It’s Your
Responsibility
• You are responsible for
understanding the risk of
exposure to blood or other
potentially infectious
materials (OPIM) at your
workplace.
• Direct questions to your
supervisor, Infection Control,
Employee Health, or the
Safety Director.
What Is A Bloodborne Pathogen?
• Bloodborne pathogens are germs which may
be present in blood that are capable of
causing disease.
• Bloodborne pathogens are an important
consideration in dealing with blood and other
potentially infectious materials (OPIM)*.
*Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM) – Blood and other materials that can carry pathogens that cause serious
diseases. Materials include human body fluids, unfixed tissue or organs, and HIV/HBV-containing cell or tissue cultures.
How Are People Exposed To Bloodborne
Pathogens?
• You can be exposed to a bloodborne pathogen by
performing a task or being in an area where you
might come in contact with blood or other potentially
infectious materials.
• In a hospital, most exposures to bloodborne diseases
are through direct exposure to used sharps or
splashes of blood/body fluids to facial mucous
membranes.
Direct – Exposure which occurs when one touches or otherwise comes in direct contact with blood or other potentially
infectious materials. An example is a stick from a needle previously used on an infected person.
Sharps – Any object that can cut, puncture, or penetrate the skin. Examples are needles, scalpels, broken glass, knives
and blades.
How Are People Exposed To
Bloodborne Pathogens?
• Some exposures have been from blood or OPIM
splashing:
▫ Onto broken or scraped skin
▫ Into unprotected eyes, nose or mouth.
• Be careful with anything wet that comes from
the human body.
• Protective eyewear and masks or face masks
with visors are available – consult your
supervisor for your specific needs
What To Do If You Have
A Blood/Body Fluid Exposure
• First flush/wash the affected areas with soap and water.
• Promptly call Employee Health, 301-2153 (M-F 7:00 am 9:00 pm) After hours - phone number: (859) 391-9468.
• Complete an Employee Incident Report and take
to the lab for testing.
• Report to the ED for HIV exposure or wound care.
Post-Exposure Evaluation
• The Post-Exposure
Evaluation process is
directed by Employee
Health and follow the
exposed employee for
the appropriate time.
Post-Exposure Evaluation – An evaluation which tests the source and the employee after an exposure has occurred.
Counseling and treatment are offered by Employee Health.
Does Everyone Exposed To A Bloodborne
Pathogen Become Infected?
• Whether or not you become infected following an
exposure depends on a number of factors including:
 The number and strength of the germs from the
source.
 Your resistance to disease-the ability of your body (host)
to reject the germs
 The type of exposure-the way that the germs were
spread-some ways are more efficient than others
Bloodborne Diseases of Concern
• Three bloodborne
diseases of concern to
healthcare workers are:
▫ HIV
▫ Hepatitis B
▫ Hepatitis C
Sharps injury from
used needles or other
sharps are the
primary means of
transmission of these
diseases to healthcare
providers.
Hepatitis B – HBV – A virus that causes inflammation of the liver and is transmitted by infected blood.
Hepatitis C – HCV – A virus that causes inflammation of the liver and is transmitted by infected blood.
What Is HIV/AIDS?
• HIV is the Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus that causes AIDS.
• AIDS (Acquired
Immune Deficiency
Syndrome) is a viral
infection of the immune
system.
• This infection robs a
person of the ability to
fight off other diseasecausing germs.
How Is HIV Contracted?
HIV may be contracted by:
▫ Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
▫ Blood transfusion (rare)
▫ IV drug users who share needles with an infected
person
▫ An unborn baby from the infected mother by
spread in utero, during delivery, or through breastfeeding.
▫ Exposure from a contaminated sharp.
How Is HIV Not Contracted?
• HIV cannot be contracted by
▫ Touching telephones, door knobs, toilet seats, or
mosquito or other insect bites.
▫ Shaking hands, hugging, being coughed or sneezed on.
▫ Eating food prepared by an HIV positive individual.
• You cannot get HIV from donating blood.
• The risk of contracting HIV from a blood
transfusion is extremely low.
▫ The blood supply is carefully tested.
What Happens If You Are Exposed To HIV?
• If you are exposed to HIV through a contaminated
needle stick or other sharps injury, your risk of
contracting the disease is about 0.3%.
▫ The risk is less for blood splashes into mucous
membranes or on broken or scraped skin.
Mucous membranes – A lining of the body that secretes a protective lubricant for all body passages that come in contact
with air. Examples include the lining of the eyes, nose and mouth.
What Is Hepatitis B?
• Hepatitis B is a virus
that affects the liver.
▫ Many infected people
do not have
symptoms.
▫ An infected person
without symptoms is
still contagious.
Common Symptoms of Hepatitis B and C
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Yellow skin color (Jaundice)
Dark urine
Lightened stool color
Nausea
Vomiting
A general feeling of illness
How Is Hepatitis B Contracted?
• Hepatitis B can be contracted by
▫ Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
▫ IV drug users who share needles with an infected
person
▫ Exposure through a contaminated needle stick or
sharp
▫ An unborn baby from its infected mother
 Infection can also occur through breastfeeding
What Happens If You Are Exposed To
Hepatitis B?
• Most persons who acquire Hepatitis B infection have a full
recovery.
▫ 10% of people who contract the virus develop a chronic
infection.
• Chronic hepatitis B puts a person at a higher risk for
▫ Cirrhosis of the liver
▫ Liver cancer.
• A vaccine is available for protection from Hepatitis B
infection
What Happens If You Are Exposed To
Hepatitis B?
• If you are exposed to Hepatitis B through a sharps
injury, your risk of contracting the disease is about 530% if you have not had a series of three vaccinations.
• The risk of acquiring the disease is less for blood
splashes into mucous membranes or on broken or
abraded skin.
• Your risk drops to almost zero percent if you have had a
successful series of vaccinations.
What is Hepatitis C?
• Hepatitis C is a disease that causes similar symptoms as
Hepatitis B
• 70% of persons with Hepatitis C have no symptoms.
• The virus may remain dormant 10-20 years before
patients experience fatigue, loss of appetite, and
abdominal pain.
• Persons who have the infection are contagious even if
they have no symptoms.
How is Hepatitis C Contracted?
• If you are exposed to Hepatitis C through a needle stick or
other sharps injury, your risk of contracting the disease is
about 3 – 10%.
• Blood transfusions were formerly a major means of
transmission of Hepatitis C, but that is no longer the case.
▫ Screening tests were put into place in the early 1990s.
• The chance of acquiring HCV by sexual transmission is
less than or equal to 6%.
• Unlike Hepatitis B, there is no vaccine to prevent the
disease.
What Happens If You Develop Hepatitis C?
• The Hepatitis C virus causes chronic disease in about
85% of the people who contract it.
▫ Hepatitis C is a major cause of cirrhosis of the liver
and liver cancer.
• While there is no cure for Hepatitis C, the symptoms
may be treated with antiviral drugs.
• Treatment usually leads to long-term improvement.
▫ Complications of hepatitis account for the majority of
liver transplants in the United States.
Worker Vaccinations
• Employee Health will direct you regarding
available vaccines
• As required by OSHA law, Hepatitis B
vaccine is available to all hospital employees
who’s job may expose them to blood or other
potentially infectious materials.
▫ Offered at no charge
▫ Series of 3 injections
▫ You may choose to accept or decline the
vaccine
• OSHA law does not require offering the
vaccine to persons who work in other areas
(e.g. payroll, etc) where there is no
reasonable risk of exposure.
Standard Precautions
• Provides the most consistent protection from
bloodborne disease.
• All blood and body fluids are considered
potentially infectious, regardless of the
diagnosis.
▫ Situations requiring precautions include
contact with mucous membranes, moist
areas of the body, broken skin, anything wet
coming from the body, and any medical
devices that drain fluids from the body.
• Requires the consistent use of hand hygiene
and appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE) when coming into contact with blood or
body fluids.
Hand Hygiene
• The simplest way to prevent spread of infection
• Wash with soap and water when hands are visibly dirty or
contaminated with body substances, or after removal of gloves.
▫ Wet hands, apply soap, rub hands together vigorously for at
least 15 seconds, covering all surfaces, rinse, dry with
disposable towel, using towel to turn off faucet, dispose of
towel.
• If hands are not visibly soiled, may use a alcohol antiseptic
hand rub for routinely decontaminating hands.
▫ Apply adequate amount of product to palm of one hand and
rub hands together, covering all surfaces until hands are dry,
about 10 seconds.
• Staff who perform direct patient care, prepare food or sterile
items are required to wear only natural fingernails with/without
nail polish.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
▫ This specialized clothing and equipment provides
protection against contact with blood or other
potentially infectious materials.
▫ Provided at no cost, and is available via carts,
supply cabinets or room cabinetry as determined
by department.
▫ Includes:
 Gloves, fluid resistant gowns, aprons
 Eyewear, masks, face shields
 Resuscitation equipment
▫ Scrub clothing is not PPE
Remove PPE before leaving the clinical work area
PPE – Personal Protective Equipment. Specialized clothing and equipment meant to provide protection against contact
with bloodborne pathogens or other potentially infectious materials.
Personal Protective Equipment
• PPE should be appropriate to the task performed
• Wear a mask and eye protection or mask with visor
when you might get splashed in the face with blood or
body fluids.
▫ Use a CPR mask when performing CPR.
• Wear a fluid resistant gown when your clothing might
be soiled with blood or other body fluids.
• Use gloves anytime you may have contact with blood
or other body fluids
CPR – Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
Soiled Personal Clothing
If personal clothing is soiled with blood, body fluids or
OPIM, the clothing will be laundered by the medical
center if the associate desires. Soiled clothing should be
removed and placed in a plastic bag.
• Edgewood staff contacts SPD
• Florence and Ft. Thomas staff
contacts EVS
Safe Injection Practices
• Perform hand hygiene before handling or
accessing IV products or systems, preparing or
administering medications, or handling blood
glucose monitoring devices.
Rub and allow to dry
• Use friction and perform a thorough alcohol
prep of any IV port, valve, vial or ampule
• Allow the alcohol to dry completely before
accessing with sterile technique
Medication Mistakes
• Do not administer a medication from the same
syringe to more than one patient, even if the
needle is changed
• Do not leave a needle or spike in a multi-dose
vial; store the vial in clean conditions
• Discard vials used during a procedure or
emergency immediately
• Do not store needles, cannulas, syringes, or
solutions outside of the sterile package, or in
pockets or clothing
Standard of Care
• Draw the medication into syringes immediately
prior to administration
• IV solution administration should begin within
one hour of spiking the IV bag or bottle
Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices
• Clean and disinfect all glucometers between
patient use
• Gloves should be worn when needed to prevent
contact with blood and body fluids
• All lancets and finger stick capillary sampling
devices are single patient use items and must be
disposed of immediately after use in the sharps
container
Work Practice and Engineering Controls
In addition to PPE, use of Work Practice and
Engineering Controls must also be used to
reduce or eliminate exposure to bloodborne
pathogens.
Work Practice Controls
Work Practice Controls - practices that reduce the risk of
exposure to blood or body fluids while on the job.
Includes: use of safety products, wearing of PPE, correct
handling of soiled equipment, linens and hazardous
waste, correct handling and transport of specimens.
Engineering Controls
Engineering Controls - equipment and items that are
designed to reduce or eliminate the risk of exposure to
blood or body fluids.
Includes items such as: sharps safety products, leak proof
specimen containers, laboratory equipment, safety
shields, and handwashing sinks.
Sharps Safety
• Use the supplies of Sharps
Safety products.
• Don’t take chances with your
health and well being.
• Take the time to learn and
use safety products…they’re
supplied for your safety!
• Report concerns where
sharps safety products are
needed to your manager, the
Safety Director or Infection
Control.
How To Dispose Of Sharps
• A sharps container is a rigid, puncture resistant
container labeled as “biohazard”
and is designed to store sharps before disposal.
• Dispose of sharps in provided sharps containers.
• Never attempt to remove needles from sharps containers
Cleanup of Spills
• Minimize your risk of exposure by
▫ Containing
▫ Removing
▫ Disinfecting
all blood or body fluid spills as quickly and effectively as
possible.
• Use the approved hospital disinfectants
Appropriate PPE must be worn
during cleanup of spills
Know And Practice
Your Bloodborne Exposure Control Plan
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Know the risks in your work area.
Use Standard Precautions.
Take advantage of Personal Protective Equipment.
Receive the hepatitis B vaccination series when it is
offered.
• Properly dispose of infectious waste.
• Contact Employee Health immediately if you are
exposed to blood or other potentially infectious
materials.
• For more information about bloodborne pathogens,
see the Bloodborne Exposure Control Plan or contact
the Infection Control Department.
In Conclusion…
• We hope this Computer Based Learning course has
been both informative and helpful.
• Feel free to review this course until you are
confident about your knowledge of the material
presented.
• Once you are comfortable with the material, you
may proceed to the test in order to receive credit for
course completion.