Transcript Bloodborne Pathogens PPT

Transmission
• through blood
• bodily fluids
What is a Virus
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a microscopic parasitic organism
cannot live without host cell
DNA or RNA
Take over host cell to create more viruses
Bloodborne Pathogens
• OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
– Established standards for handling bloodborne pathogens
• Bloodborne Pathogen: organism that can cause disease
that are present in body fluids.
• 2 most significant pathogens:
– HBV
– HIV
• HAV: spread through lack of personal hygiene, unprotected sex,
contaminated shellfish
• Which one has a higher incidence of spreading and why.
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what is it:
– viral infection
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S/S:
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Hepatitis B Virus
Swelling,
Soreness
Loss of normal function in liver
Flu like
Headache
Fever
Jaundice
• Possible no S/S and may still be transmitted
Prevention:
– Good personal hygiene
– Avoid high risk behavior
– Avoid contact with blood
• HBV can live up to 1 week in blood outside the body
Management:
– Vaccination
• Given in 3 doses over a 6 month period
Human Immunodeficiency virus
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what is it:
– retrovirus + a host cell
– 1 in 250 people are infected w/ HIV
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S/S:
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Fatigue
Weight loss
Muscle or joint pain,
painful or swollen glands
night sweats
fever
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AIDS:
– Collection of signs and symptoms
– No protection against other viruses
– Die after about 2 years
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Management:
– No vaccine, no cure
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Prevention
– Abstinence
– Don’t share needles
Spreading in Sports
• transmission between athletes is low
• some sports have higher incidence of
transmission
– wrestling
– boxing
– martial arts
Participation in Sport
• policy: formed to prevent transmission in
sports, and to educate
• no definite answer for HIV positive athlete
– Americans with Disabilities Act of 1991
• Athletes who are infected cannot be discriminated
against
• Exclusion must be based on health risks only