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Ancient Greece
 Ancient Greece was a Greek civilization
that lasted from the Archaic period of the
8th and 9th centuries BC to the end of
antiquity 600 AD.
 During the 7th century Athens suffered a
land crisis that resulted in civil strife.
 The reform of the Solon improved the poor
which gave Athens some stability back.
 By the 6th century there was several cities that
emerged as dominant in Greek affairs.
 These cities were Athens, Sparta, Corinth and
Thebes.
 These cities increased in population by the 8th
and 7th centuries.
 As a result of the increased population many
people moved to the outer parts of the cities
and then new cities were created.

During the archaic period there was a huge
economic development in Greece.

They experienced a growth in commerce and
manufacturing.

There was huge improvement in the living
conditions.

Some studies show that the average Greek
income increased 5 times between 800 BC to
300 BC.
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The art and technology of Ancient Greece was
very popular during the beginning but is still
used today.
The Greek were very influential in developing the
study of math.
Today we learn math in the way the Greek
discovered it so many years ago.
The architecture of Ancient Greece was seen in
many types of buildings as far as Japan.

There was time in Greece that was call the Dark
Age.

During this time things started falling apart.

The people of Greece were just trying to survive.
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They lived in small communities and farmed the
land for themselves.
Around 800 BC things started to get better.
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In the 6th century there was a war with the
Persians.
Greece won against these wars with Persia.
Soon after the war with Persia there was a war
between the Athens and Spartans.
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Greece collapsed and the Spartans won.
The Spartans ruled Greece for a short time
due to poor leadership.
Greece was able to claim back their country
and have been in control since.
Time Period
•
Ancient Greece was established from 1000.
•
It lasted for more 300 years.
•
The fact that some colonies did not have enough farmland to
feed their people.
•
So the colonies that had enough farmland to take care of their
own needs, so they traded very little.
•
However, others relied on trade because they had too little
land to grow everyone they needed.
•
That caused Greece to rise.
Time Period
•
There was a period in history when Greece had
a lot of money, power, art, trade, and food.
•
This lasted between 497 - 431 B.C.E.
•
Yes the civilization did fall, what caused it to fall
was the Persians.
•
They invaded them during 400 B.C.E.
•
After they invaded them the Persian wars began.
Time Period
•
They did conquered other civilizations.
•
The civilizations they conquered were Asia and Egypt.
•
They conquered Asia in 334 B.C.E, but the time they
conquered Egypt is unknown.
•
Yes, they got conquered by King Philip's civilization.
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He conquered most of the main land.
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No they wouldn't have stayed in power because the
Greeks can still divide and weaken.
Ancient Greece Religion
•
The believed in many god and goddesses.
•
The origin started when the Olympian gods
lived on Mount Olympus.
•
They show their respect in different ways.
•
The twelve most important god and goddesses
were Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hestia, Demeter,
Ares, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus,
Aphrodite, and Hermes.
•
The believed in many god and goddesses.
•
The origin started when the Olympian gods
lived on Mount Olympus.
•
They show their respect in different ways.
•
The twelve most important god and goddesses
were Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hestia, Demeter,
Ares, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus,
Aphrodite, and Hermes.
•
Zeus was the ruler of all the gods and Hera is the
wife of Zeus and the goddess of marriage.
•
Poseidon is the brother of Zeus and god of he sea
and Hestia was the sister of Zeus and was the
goddess of hearth.
• Demeter was also a sister to Zeus and was
the goddess of agriculture.
• Ares was the son of Zeus and the god of
war and Athena was a daughter of Zeus
goddess of wisdom and war
• Apollo and Artemis was the son of Zeus and
Apollo was the god of sun, poetry, and
music.
• Artemis was the goddess of the moon and
hunt.
• Hephaestus was the god of fire and
metalworkers.
• Aphrodite was the goddess of love and
beauty.
• Hermes was the god of messenger and
travel.
• It is different from other religious practices
because most religious practices don’t
believe in gods or goddesses ad they show
respect different ways.
Government in
Ancient Greece
Government
O The Greeks had a lot of different kinds of governments, because
there were many different cities in ancient Greece.
O Each city had their own government.
O Aristotle divided Greek governments into monarchies,
oligarchies, tyrannies and democracies.
O Greece began by having monarchies, then oligarchies, then
tyrannies and then democracies, but at each period there were
plenty of cities using a different system, and there were many
which never did become democracies or tyrannies at all.
Government
O In the Late Bronze Age (the Mycenean
period), between about 2000 and 1200 BC,
all Greek cities seem to have been
monarchies ruled by kings.
O Homer's Iliad, and Greek mythology in
general, shows us a whole series of kings
like Agamemnon and Theseus, and some of
their palaces have survived for
archaeologists to dig up.
Government
O After the Dark Age, though, only a few Greek
cities still had kings.
O Sparta is the most famous of these, though
actually Sparta had two kings, usually brothers
or cousins, at the same time.
O One would stay home and the other go off to
fight wars.
Most cities in the Archaic period were ruled by
oligarchies, which is a group of aristocrats (rich
men) who tell everyone else what to do.
Government
O Then in the 600s and 500s BC a lot of city-
states were taken over by tyrants.
O Tyrants were usually one of the aristocrats
who got power over the others by getting the
support of the poor people.
O They ruled kind of like kings, but without any
legal right to rule.
Government
O In 510 BC, the city-state of Athens created the
first democratic government, and soon other
Greek city-states imitated them.
O Even city-states that were not Greek, like
Carthage and Rome, experimented with giving
the poor people more power at this time.
O But Athenian democracy did not really give
power to everyone.
Government
O Most of the people in Athens couldn't vote - no
women, no slaves, no foreigners (even Greeks
from other city-states), no children.
O And also, Athens at this time had an empire,
ruling over many other Greek city-states, and
none of those people living in the other citystates could vote either.
O Of course it is a lot easier to have a democratic
government when you are only deciding what
other people should do.
Government
O Then in the 300s BC, Greece was conquered by
Philip of Macedon, and all of Greece began to be
ruled by him as their king (in theory he was only
leading a league of Greek cities, but really he
acted like a king).
O Athens and other Greek cities still kept their
local democracies or oligarchies for local
government, but bigger decisions were made by
Philip, and then by Philip's son Alexander the
Great.
Government
O After Alexander died in 323 BC, Greece became a
kingdom ruled by a series of Macedonian kings, until it
was gradually taken over by the Romans between 200
and 146 BC.
O From 146 BC Greece was a province of the Roman
Empire.
O Even after the Roman Empire in the West collapsed,
Greece was still part of the Eastern Empire.
O In the 1100s and 1200s AD, parts of Greece were taken
over by Normans, who built castles and ruled as kings.
Government
O Athens also provided for the ostracism of
someone the people didn't like.
O By a vote of the Assembly, any person could be
banished from Athens.
O You didn't get a hearing or a trial; you had to
leave.
O This ostracism lasted only for 10 years.
Government
O After that, you could come back and live in
Athens.
O The great Aristides, hero of the Persian War, was
ostracized for a time--in the middle of the war.
O Athens had a court system made up of judges
and juries.
O Judges decided minor cases, but some of the
major cases were decided in front of a jury.
Government
O As a juror, you were chosen by lot and served for
a year.
O Jury cases were argued with just the accuser
and the accused making statements.
O No judge was present, and the jury's decision
was binding.
O No appeal was possible.
ECONOMY
Greece
ECONOMY
 In
ancient Greece trading was a big part
for them.
 Some
settlements had enough farmland to
take care of their own needs so they
traded very little.
 The
Greeks traded among the city-states,
with Greek colonies and in wider
Mediterranean region.
ECONOMY
 Olive
oil, pottery, and wine from the
mainland were traded for goods such as
grain, timber, and metal the major
products they traded was olive oil,
pottery, and wine.
 Those
items were traded for grain,,
timber, and metal.
ECONOMY
 Economy
was played by a role of each
class.
 First
was the monarch, then the
oligarchy, tyranny, and last was
democracy.
 The
monarchy was the king.
ECONOMY
 He
had power of the whole empire.
 Oligarchy
their ruling power is in the
hands of few people.
 They
inherited land from their families.
ECONOMY
 The
tyranny ruling power is in the
hands of one person, not the lawful
king.
 A tyranny cannot claim he has a
legal right to rule.
 In a democracy all citizens share in
ruling power.
 The government of democracies was
a direct democracy.
ECONOMY
 Slavery
 Slaves
 Most
was a part of ancient Greece.
had fewer rights.
people who were not poor owned at
least one slave.
ECONOMY
 Some
slaves were born into slavery.
 Others
became slaves when captured in
wars.
 Some
slaves worked as clerks for the city
or they even worked in farms and
factories.
ECONOMY
 The
unluckiest slaves worked in silver mines.
 They
might work 10 hours a day in cramped
tunnels 300 feet below the surface.
 They
had little air to breathe and were often
whipped if they stopped to rest.
ECONOMY
 But
slavery was not based on race.
 Slavery
was not permanent in the
civilization.
 Some
people could have bought tem out of
slavery.
Ancient Greece
Contributions

 The main art forms in the civilization are architecture,
sculpture, and drama.
 Drama was the art of the theater.
 Greek plays grew out of the songs and dances that Greeks
performed at harvest time to honor Dionysus.
 Greek playwrights developed their art, they began to write
plays that told stories.
Ancient Greece
Contributions

 Plays were often part of competitions.
 Judges chose the winners in four categories.
 The winning writers and actors were crowned with
olive leaves and given prizes such as figs and wine.
Ancient Greece
Contributions

 Greeks had a good talent for architecture.
 The Greeks built their temples as beautiful dwelling
places for the Gods and Goddesses rather than places
to worship.
 The temples show the importance of balance and
order in the Greeks idea of beauty.
Ancient Greece
Contributions

 Architecture in Greece is a Greek is a word that means “master
builder.”
 The Greeks built their temples for gods and goddesses.
Temples were built with rows of tall columns.
 The Greeks used three kinds of columns the Doric, Ionic, and
the Corinthian.
 The Doric was the simplest.
 It had no base and got slimmer toward the top.
Ancient Greece
Contributions

 The arts of this civilization can inform us about the people who
lived during this time period by architecture.
 For example when they build it shows designs that they did.
 And inside it might show things like crowns and jewelry since
they made temples for gods and goddesses.
 In their art of theater they could have figure out the stories they
were telling in there.
Ancient Greece
Contributions

 They might have wrote down what actors had to say.
 In their sculptures they would have sculptured
important people like Athena.
 And if they had shields or spears it could had told
something about that person.
 It could have said that person was a brave warrior.
Ancient Greece
Contributions
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The sculpture was developed by Phidias, he
sculpted Athena.
They said that Phidias was one the one person
who had seen the true image of the gods and
revealed it to humans.
The sculpture was not used by other civilizations.
The sculpture stood inside the Parthenon.
The art played a role in sculpture : A Marble
Workshop.
Parthenon

 The Parthenon is a temple
on the Athenian
Acropolis, Greece,
dedicated to the goddess
Athena, whom the people
of Athens considered
their patron.
 Its construction began in
447 BC when the
Athenian Empire was at
the height of its power.
Ancient Greek Oil Lamps
Ancient Greek bilobe-type bronze
arrowhead. 5th-2nd century BC
Ancient Greek Fibulae, Toga-Pins
Artifacts
There are many
different forms
of pottery that
can have either
very specific or
multi-functional
purposes. The
majority are for
holding or
transporting
liquids.
Architecture
Ancient Greek architecture
is best known from its
temples. They can be found
throughout the region.
They are mostly as ruins
but many are still intact.
The second important type
of building that survives all
over the Hellenic world is
the open-air theatre, with
the earliest dating from
around 350 BC.