Transcript Unit 4: Ancient Greece

Priority Objectives
0 6.H.2.1 Explain how invasions, conquests, and migrations affected various civilizations,
societies, and regions.
0 6.H.2.2 Compare historical and contemporary events and issues to understand continuity and
change.
0 6.H.2.4 Explain the role that key historical figures and groups had in transforming society.
0 6.G.1.2 Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods, and ideas and the
effects of that movement on societies and regions over time.
0 6.C&G.1.1 Explain the origins and structures of various governmental systems.
0 6.C&G.1.2 Summarize the ideas that shaped political thought in various civilizations, societies,
and regions.
0 6.C&G.1.3 Compare the requirements for and responsibilities of citizenship under various
governments.
Supporting Objectives
0 6.G.1.4 Explain how and why civilizations, societies and regions
have used, modified and adapted to their environments.
0 6.E.1.1 Explain how conflict, compromise, and negotiation over
the availability of resources impacted the economic development
of various civilizations, societies and regions.
0 6.C.1.1 Analyze how cultural expressions reflected the values of
civilizations, societies and regions.
0 6.C.1.3 Summarize systems of social structure within various
civilizations and societies over time.
Geography
0 What are the major physical features of
Greece?
0 What were the advantages &
disadvantages of the physical features of
Greece?
0 How did the people of Ancient Greece
adapt to their environment?
Physical Features
0 In southeastern Europe, on
the Mediterranean Sea
0 A peninsula
0 Contains mountains &
many natural harbors
0 Forests also cover some
areas of Greece
0 Much of Greece is rocky
0 Some areas are good for
growing wheat, barley,
citrus, & grapes & olives!
Advantages & Disadvantages
0 Protection
0 Lack of resources
0 Mediterranean Sea
0 Isolation of city-states
enabled trade &
movement
0 Interaction w/ other
areas contributed to
the development of
Greece
0 Lack of unity
0 Vastly different
cultural characteristics
among city-states
Adapting to the Environment
0 In order to farm, the Ancient Greeks
used terraced farming
0 For transportation & trade they became
expert boat builders
0 Fishing became a major money making
industry
Political & Social Structures
0 How did government in Athens evolve
from a monarchy to a democracy?
0 What are the characteristics of Athenian
Democracy & the ideas that shaped that
form of government?
0 How were the city-states of Athens &
Sparta different-especially in terms of
the rights & responsibilities of citizens?
From Monarchy to Democracy
0 Athens began as a monarchy that was later ruled by
rich & powerful aristocrats (oligarchy).
0 The rich & poor fought after a while because of
tension over the differences in their lifestyles.
0 Over time people tried to reform the laws…like
Draco & Solon…some good changes/some bad.
0 Peisistratus-a tyrant, took over...was popular
though because he put the wealthy in their place.
0 THEN! Cleisthenes took over…divided Athens into
more fair voting districts…led to democracy.
Cleisthenes
Peisistratus
What is Athenian Democracy?
0 “All citizens” had to participate
0 Citizens: Free male Athenians over 20 who had
completed military training (only about 10-25%
of the pop)
0 Majority ruled
The Bodies of Gov’t
0 Assembly: All people eligible to participate in
gov’t; voted on all laws & important decisions
for Athens.
0 Council of 500: Wrote the laws.
0 Courts: Heard trials & sentenced criminals.
Elected Officials & Other Info
0 Generals-Led Athens into war
0 Archon-Chief of State in Athens, also head of the
Assembly & Council. Elected for a 1 yr. term, but
could be reelected lots. Could be removed if he
failed to serve the people.
0 Ostracism-A leave of absence required of anyone
whom the public deemed too powerful or
politically ambitious
Athens vs. Sparta
0 Citizens had to vote in all
elections, serve in office if
elected, serve on juries, &
serve in the military during
war
0 Women, children,
immigrants, & slaves had no
role in gov’t
0 Very cosmopolitan
0 Drama, athletics, & education
highly valued
0 Spartan citizens had slaves to do
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their work, so they trained for
war all of the time
War seen as the only way to
keep order
Baby boys & girls examined after
birth to make sure they were
strong
Boys were taught physical &
mental toughness by mom until
7, then off to school for combat;
became foot soldiers at 20; in
army until 30; then out.
Girls trained for fitness too, &
could own property
Led by 2 kings & a council
Economy
0 How did the scarcity of resources in
Greece lead to the conquest of
neighboring lands?
0 What were the impacts of colonization
on the development of Greece?
0 In what ways did Alexander the Great
transform society?
Scarcity & Conquest
0 As the population of city-states grew,
they exhausted their local resources
0 This forced Greeks to establish trade
along the Mediterranean
0 These trading cities became colonies
over time-they provided food & a new
place for farming & settlement
The Impacts of Colonization
0 Money began to be used rather than
bartering
0 Colonies provided more & better
economic opportunities
0 Transportation & communication
methods improved
0 Ideas & culture spread over a larger area
The Legacy of
Alexander the Great
0 Took over his father’s kingdom at 20 yrs old
0 INCREASED the size of the kingdom
0 Once he reached India-his soldiers did not want
to go farther from home-so they turned around
0 AtG died on the way home (malaria)-33 yrs old
0 Afterwards his top generals fought for control of
pieces of his empire
Spread of Hellenistic Culture
0 Hellenic means purely Greek; Hellenistic means
Greek-like
0 A culture created when AtG brought together so
many different people (Macedonians, Greeks,
Egyptians, Persians, Central Asians, etc.)
0 AtG forced this culture blending as a way to
make his empire stronger
Assignment:
Create an AtG Baseball Card
1. Include a picture of Alexander or some
aspect of his life on the front of the card.
2. Include at least 6 facts (stats) about
Alexander and his life and conquests on the
back of the card.
3. IN COLOR! TAKE YOUR TIME!
Greek Culture & Achievements
0 What are the cultural achievements of
Ancient Greece?
0 How did Greek culture reflect their
beliefs & values?
0 What evidence do we have in our culture
today of the legacy of Ancient Greece?
Cultural Achievements
0 Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Herodotus,
etc. had a HUGE impact on the development of
government & society
0 Hippocrates: Father of modern medicine
0 776 BC: Ancient Olympics begin! End in AD 394.
0 Theater: Plays honored the gods, all actors were
men.
0 Parthenon: Temple to Athena, center of the
acropolis, originally painted in vivid colors, statue
of Athena inside made of gold & ivory
How were the Greek’s beliefs
reflected in their culture?
MYTHOLOGY!!!
YOUR ASSIGNMENT
0 Create a god or goddess!
0 Write a brief description of the god/goddess (1 to 2
paragraphs) AND draw it (must be hand drawn).
0 Make sure you include some sort of weapon or
instrument or tool to help your god/goddess and
include a description (1 paragraph) of that tool in
your writing.
0 SO…you have 2-3 paragraphs total & a pic
0 This assignment is due: 11/19/13
The Influence of the Greeks
0 Democracy
0 Education
0 Architecture
0 Olympics, sport for competition
0 Drama/theater, storytelling
0 They’re EVERYWHERE!