Transcript some student powerpoints

SKIN CANCER
Jess Ahn, Pj Pimental, Jennifer
King, Patrick Gray
What is Skin Cancer?
 Cancer develops when DNA,
the molecule found in cells that
encodes genetic information,
becomes damaged and the
body cannot repair the damage.
The damaged cells begins to
grow and divide uncontrollably.
When this occurs in the skin,
skin cancer develops. As the
damaged cells multiply, a tumor
starts to form.
 http://www.skincarephysicians.c
om/skincancernet/whatis.html
Prevention
 Stay out of the sun
9AM-3PM
 Seek shade
 Wear protective
clothing
 Sunscreen SPF!!
 Avoid indoor tanning
Symptoms







ABCDE RULE!
A is for asymmetry
B is for border irregularity
C is for color
D is for diameter
E is for evolution
http://www.webmd.com/me
lanoma-skincancer/asymmetry
Risk Factors
 Fair skin
 Less pigment provides less
protection from UV rays
 History of sunburns
 Excessive sun exposure
 Sunny or high altitude climates
 Moles
 Family history
 Weak immune system
 Age
 http://www.mayoclinic.com/healt
h/skincancer/DS00190/DSECTION=ri
sk-factors
Treatment
 Surgery-take out tumor, cut it in thin layers
 Radiation therapy-uses high energy x-rays
to kill cancer cells
 Chemotherapy- uses drugs to stop growth of
cancer cells
 Photodynamic therapy- uses drug or laser to
kill cancer cells
Stats
 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in
course of life time
 In past 31 years, most common cancer
 1800 Americans are living with a history of
melanoma
 Skin cancer is the most common form of
cancer in the United States
Diagnosis
 Early warning signs: suspicious lesions on skin
 Doctor discusses family history and sunburn
history
 Skin examination, examines size, shape, color of
suspicious areas
 Examine lymph glands to check for signs of
cancer
 Biopsy, in order to diagnose cancer
 http://skincancer.about.com/od/diagnosis/a/diagno
sis.htm
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJyI5P-WpIM
Brain Cancer
By
Beth, Jess, Abby, Jen, Trevor,
Connor
Overview
 Brain cancer is:
cancer of the
central information
processing center
of the body
 Tumor can either
be MALIGNANT or
BENIGN.
 Malignant tumor:
cancerous
 Benign: no traces
of cancer.
Risk factors
 Males are at more risk of getting Brain Cancer, but
meningiomas.
 Brain Cancer is more likely in Caucasians rather
then the other races.
 If family members have had brain cancer, they
have a higher risk in developing brain cancer as
well.
 People who work with radiation have a very high
risk of developing brain cancer.
Stats
 Highest percent of people
diagnosed with brain
cancer is 17.1%. Btw ages
65-74
 Highest mortality rate of
people with brain cancer is
in the same group it is
highest diagnosed in being
23.9% of people who die
are btw 65-75
 5 years survival rates for
cancer:
 32.1 percent Caucasian
men
 33.5 percent Caucasian
women
 37.7 percent African
American men
 37.5 percent for African
American woman
Symptoms and diagnosis of brain cancer.
 A new seizure in an adult
 Loss of movement in arms or legs over time.
 Dizziness, associated with headaches.
Prevention/Treatment
 Avoid Vynal Chloride, chemical plant, radiation
exposure to the head.
 Eat healthy, visit doctor, don’t drink or smoke
 Once diagnosed with brain cancer you can get a
“gamma knife” treatment; non evasive tool
specifically designed to treat many brain cancers.
Instead of using a blade it is a from of radiation.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fioC34LZeg&fe
ature=endscreen&NR=1
Lung Cancer: The Facts
This presentation is presented to you by Greg
Albert, Marc LeDrappier, Danny Rito, Andrew
Gregory
Source, Lungcancer.org and Wikipedia
SMOKING
Risk Factor
 87% of all Lung
Cancer is related to
Smoking
 Genetics can also
play a role in risk
 Radon, industrial
substances, and air
pollution
Statistics & prevalance
 The leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, among
both men and women. Lung cancer claims more lives each year
than colon, prostate, ovarian, lymph and breast cancers combined.
 The average age at which lung cancer is diagnosed is 71, with less
than 3% of lung cancers diagnosed under the age of 45.
 1 in 13 for man and 1 in 16 for women
The overall 5-year survival rate for all stages of lung cancer is:
 13.7% for white men
 18.3% for white women
 10.8% for black men
 14.5% for black women
Symtoms




Coughing
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Spewing up blood
Pancreatic Cancer
Cheyenne Pellicoro
Erica Spinelli
Heeral Patel
Evan Slass
What is Pancreatic Cancer?
 Cell growth is out of
control beginning in
the pancreas. The
cells continue dividing
and form lumps or
tumors.
Statistics
 About 43,920 people will be diagnosed with
pancreatic cancer
 About 37,390 people will die of pancreatic
cancer.
 The five year survival rate after diagnosis is
less than five percent.
 Since 2004 rates of pancreatic cancer have
increased about 1.5 percent per year.
Risk Factors








Smoking
Age
Race
Gender
Chronic Pancreatitis
Diabetes
Diet
Religious back ground, most found in Jews than
the rest of the population because of a particular
inherited mutation in the beast cancer gene which
runs in a lot of Jewish families.
Symptoms






Pain in Abdomen
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Bloating
Diarrhea
Jaundice, yellowing of the skin.
Preventions





Quit smoking
Maintain healthy weight
Exercise
Choose healthy diet
Go to the doctor and get
checked
 http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=6wb82qP_UDI&fe
ature=related
Colorectal Cancer
Cancer that starts in the large intestine
(colon) or the rectum (end of the colon).
By: Nick Roesch, Albert Topdjian,
Lindsey Caparoso, Elyssa Rudnitsky
Statistics
• Of cancers that affect both men and women,
colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of
cancer-related deaths in the United States
• The third most common cancer in men and in
women.
• The median age for diagnosis is 71
• The median age for death is 75
• Deaths are more common for men than women
despite the diagnosis being the same
• %90 survival if the cancer is localized
Risk Factors



Age
– More common above 60
Race
– African American & Eastern European
Diet
– high in red or processed meats
– High fat low fiber
– Smoking and Alcohol





Colorectal polyps (a growth that stick out of the lining from the colon or
rectum)
Lack of exercise
Type 2 diabetes
Family history of cancer
Crohns Disease or Uclerative Colitis
Symptoms & Diagnosis
 Abdominal pain and
tenderness
 Blood in the stools
 Diarrhea
 Changes in bowel habits
 Weight loss
 Test positive for fecal
blood test
 Colonoscopy (internal
examination of the colon)
 Flexible sigmoidoscopy
(check for polyps)
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=lb55VXQDd8Q
Prevention




Colon cancer screening
Remove polyps
Low fat, High fiber diet
Medications
– Aspirin
– Ibuprofen
Treatments
 Surgery
–Colectlmy (To remove cancer cells)
 Chemotherapy
 Radiation Therapy
Stomach Cancer
aka – Gastric Cancer
Tom, Jaime, Samantha, Amanda
Facts about stomach cancer
 Stomach cancer starts in
the stomach, a sack-like
organ that holds food and
begins the digestion
process.
 Cancer can start in any
part of the stomach.
 As cancer grows deeper
into the layers, the
prognosis for the patient
gets worse. Starting from
the inside.
Causes of stomach cancer
 Tobacco: Smoking almost doubles the risk of
stomach cancer.
 Diet: An increased risk of stomach cancer is linked to
diets high in smoked foods, salted fish and meats and
pickled vegetables.
-Eating whole grain products and fresh fruits and
vegetables that contain vitamins A and C appears to
lower the risk of stomach cancer.
 Gender: Stomach cancer is more than twice as
common in men.
Symptoms






Discomfort of pain in the stomach area
Difficulty swallowing
Nausea and vomiting
Weight loss
Feeling full or bloated after a small meal
Vomiting in stool or when coughing
Diagnosis
 Physical exam- Doctor feels abdomen for
fluid and swelling. Also swollen lymph
nodes.
 Endoscopy- An endoscope, or lighted
tube, is used to look in stomach through
the esophagus.
 Biopsy- An endoscope could also remove
tissue from the stomach. The tissue is put
under a microscope to look for cancer
cells. Only method to know if cancer is
Treatment




Chemotherapy – drugs
Radiation Therapy
Surgery
Targeted Therapy - drugs
Statistics
 Second leading cause of death
 About 21,320 cases of stomach cancer will
be diagnosed
 About 10,540 people will die from this type
of cancer
 The risk of a person developing stomach
cancer in their lifetime is about 1 in 114, but
it is slightly higher in men than in women.
Overview
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=_b_nj5yCHJE
Oral Cancer
By: Alexandra Pasch
Michael Griffin
Anderson Chan
Daniel Pedroso
Define the Cancer
Oral Cancer is cancer of the mouth.
 Part of the group of head & neck cancers
 Can develop in any part of the oral cavity (or
oropharynx)
 Almost all oral cancers begin in flat cells—
this cancer is called squamous cell
carcinomas.
4 Statistics/Prevalence
 Oral cancer commonly affects the lips and
tongue—also can occur in cheek lining, floor
of mouth, gums, roof of the mouth
 Each year (in US), more than 21,000 men
and 9,000 women are diagnosed. Most are
over 60 years old.
 1 person per hour dies of oral cancer
 High death rate—detected late in its
development
Risk Factors
 Tobacco
 Heavy alcohol use
 HPV Infection—some HPV viruses can effect the
mouth and throat
 Sun—cancer of the lip caused by sun exposure
 Personal history of oral cancer
 Diet—not eating enough fruits and vegetables
 Betel Nut Use—chewing product commonly used
in Asia
Symptoms/Diagnosis

Sore, lump, or ulcer in the mouth:
– May be a deep, hard-edged crack in
the tissue
– Most often pale colored, but may be
dark or discolored
– On the tongue, lip, or other area of
the mouth
– Usually painless at first (may
develop a burning sensation or pain
when the tumor is advanced)
Video of Symptoms:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E
qjskh54wOI

Other symptoms that may occur
with oral cancer include:
– Chewing problems
– Mouth sores
– Pain with swallowing
– Speech difficulties
– Swallowing difficulty
– Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
– Tongue problems
– Weight loss
Prevention
 Avoid smoking (or
other tobacco use)
 Correct any dental
problems
 Limit/avoid alcohol use
 Practice good oral
hygiene
Treatment
 Small Tumors—surgery is recommended
 Larger Tumors—surgery, radiation therapy
and chemotherapy
 Surgery is not commonly performed if
cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the
neck
 Other Treatments: therapy to improve
chewing, swallowing and speech
Sources
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/P
MH0002030/
 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/or
al/page4
 http://www.medicinenet.com/oral_cancer/arti
cle.htm
Prostate Cancer
By Ryan Gavin, Alexander Bloom,
Colby Oleksy, Patricia Hwang,
Charley Burrows
Prostate Cancer
“Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the
male reproductive system found below the bladder and in
front of the rectum).”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YA1fumPaf0
Pictures
Normal Prostate
Enlarged Prostate
Statistics and prevalence
 There are an estimated 241,740 new cases of prostate
cancer a year.
 There is an estimated 28,170 deaths per year.
 Prostate cancer is the most common cause of death in
men over the age of 75, and is rarely found in men younger
than 40.
 1 in 6 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his
lifetime.
Risk Factors
 African-American men
 Men who are older than 60
 Men who have a father or brother with
prostate cancer
 Men who use too much alcohol
 Men who eat a high fat diet
Symptoms
 Symptoms– Delayed start of urinary stream
– Leaking of urine
– Straining when urinating
– Blood in urine
– Bone pain or tenderness in lower back and
pelvis
Diagnosis
 A biopsy is the only way to tell if you have
prostate cancer
 A high PSA level or an examination of the
prostate will tell if you need a biopsy
Prevention
 If possible, avoid– Agent orange
– Eating a high animal fat diet
– Working at a tire plant
– Being around paint for an extended period of
time
– Being around cadmium
Treatment




Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Hormone therapy
Chemotherapy
Sources
 http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/ProstateCanc
er/DetailedGuide/prostate-cancer-keystatistics
 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/pr
ostate
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/P
MH0001418/