Transcript WC 1-1 Notes

#3 Ch 1 S 1
• Details:
– Read and Notes Ch 1 S 1
– ___________________
Warm Up 8/27/14
1. Describe democracy, where did it originate?
2. What is a city-state?
• Conversation
-No talking unless called on
• Help
-raise your hand anytime you have a
question
• Activity
-Take notes and answer review questions.
• Movement
-No movement pencil sharpening is done before class
• Participation
-Answer questions when called on and take notes.
The Greek Roots of Democracy
Objective: Students will note the rise
of democracy and the duty of the
individual in ancient Greece.
Standards
10.1.1
Analyze the similarities and differences in JudeoChristian and Greco-Roman views of law,
reason, and faith, and duties of the individual.
Greco=Greek
Today
Examining ancient Greece government.
Greece
• Greece lies in the
southern end of the
Balkan peninsula in
Europe.
• Western civilization
took many ideas
from Greece such
as democracy.
• Western civilization has adopted
many ideas from Greece such as
democracy
• Democracy=A form of government run by
the people.
Everyday people like you and me have the
power.
Rise of the Greek city-state
• City-state: a city and
the surrounding areas.
• Lack of fertile land in
Greece encouraged
expansion over seas.
• Greek colonies spread
throughout the
Mediterranean from
Spain to Egypt carrying
their ideas
Quiz
1. Where is Greece located?
2. What main idea did western civilization take
from Greece’s classical age?
Changes in Warfare
• Around 500 B.C. iron
weapons replaced
bronze.
• Iron was cheaper
allowing ordinary
citizens to buy shields,
helmets, and swords.
• New warfare gave
citizens more power
Two Major City-States form
Acropolis in Athens
Sparta
Sparta: A Nation of Soldiers
• Around 600 B.C. Sparta
transformed into a
military state
• At age seven boys
began training for a
lifetime in the army.
• Women were expected
to produce strong
healthy sons for the
army.
Spartan government
• Led by two kings and a
council of elders who
advised the monarchs.
• An assembly which was
all citizens approved
major decisions.
• Citizen = male, native
born, over the age of
thirty.
Athens: A limited Democracy
• A government by the
people (democracy)
first took root in
Athens.
• Athens began as a
monarchy, but shifted
to an aristocracy
(oligarchy) being ruled
by noble land owners,
and eventually modified
into a democracy.
Athens
Greece
Birthplace of
Democracy
Move to Democracy
• Merchants, soldiers, and farmers
began to resent the power of the
nobles.
• During hard times many farmers had
to sell their land. Some sold
themselves into slavery to pay off
their debts.
• In 594 B.C. a new leader named
Solon outlawed debt slavery and
freed those sold into slavery and
gave the average citizen more
influence.
Tyrant Pisistratus (py sis truh tus)
• Tyrant= A leader who
takes power by force
• Pisistratus Seized power
in 546 B.C.
• He gave farmers and
poor citizens a greater
voice Weakening the
aristocracy.
Cleisthenes( Klys thuh neez)
• Cleisthenes further broadened the role of ordinary
citizens in government.
• Created a council of 500 men that prepared laws and
supervised the day to day work of the government.
• Cleisthenes created a legislature, a lawmaking body
that consisted of male citizens.
The U.S. has a
legislature
L= Legislature = Law
Quiz
3. Describe the difference between Athens and
Sparta.
Warm Up 8/28/14
1. What is a tyrant, why would tyranny be a bad
form of government?
2. Describe a legislature.
The Persian Wars
• In 490 B.C. a Persian
army landed in
Marathon, Greece.
• Athenian forces rushed
into hand to hand
combat forcing the
Persians to retreat.
The Persian Wars
• Ten years later a much
larger Persian force
landed in Greece.
• Sparta and other citystates joined Athens to
defend their homeland.
• The Persians burned
Athens, but were
eventually defeated.
Pericles (Pehr uh kleez)
• Following the Persian
wars Athens became
the most powerful citystate in Greece.
• Under the rule of
Pericles the economy
thrived and the
government became
more democratic.
Direct Democracy
• Greece formed a direct democracy, in which
many citizens participated directly in
government.
• Pericles believed all male citizens regardless of
wealth or social class needed to take part in
government.
• Pericles created salaries for men who held public
office.
Money
Juries
• In addition to serving in
the government Athenians
also served on juries.
• Males citizens over thirty
years of age were chosen
to serve as jurors for a year
(paid)
• Unlike today’s jury’s of
twelve, one hundred to
one thousand men could
be selected for the jury.
The Peloponnesian War
• Power Struggle between
Athens and Sparta.
• Fighting dragged on for 27
years before Spartan’s
captured Athens.
• Athens survived as a center
of culture but democracy
suffered greatly as
corruption and self interest
replaced the old ideals such
as service to the city-state.
Difference Between Athens and Sparta
• Sparta stressed discipline while Athens
glorified the individual and extended
political rights to more citizens.
Quiz
4. Were the poor and lower class involved in
democracy? Explain.
5. Describe four ways ancient Greece influenced
the modern United States.
Objective Reviewed
• Students will note the rise of democracy and
the duty of the individual in ancient Greece.
#3 Ch 1 S 1
• Details:
– Read and Notes Ch 1 S 1
– S1 Standards Checks (5)
Warm Up 9/23/15
1. Define Socratic Method.
2. What action did Socrates take to prove he
fully supported and believed in the
democratic process?
Warm Up 9/14/12
1. Who believed society should be ruled by
philosopher Kings?
2. What was the name of Plato’s most famous
book?
3. Who wrote Politics what was it about?
2. Under what ruler did Athens move
toward a direct democracy?
3. Were the poor and lower class involved
in democracy? Explain.
Warm Up 9/24/14
1. List four ways that the modern world was
influenced by ancient Greece.
2. Do you think democracy is a good form of
government, explain why or why not?
3. Discuss with a partner positives and negatives
of the Democratic system
Greek Philosophers
Objective: Students chart the
characteristics of the following
philosophers ideas; Socrates, Plato,
and Aristotle.
Standards
• 10.1.1. Analyze the similarities and differences
in Judeo-Christian and Greco Roman views of
law, reason and faith, and duties of the
individual.
• 10.1.2 Trace the development of the Western
political ideas of the rule of law and
illegitimacy of tyranny, using selections from
Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Politics.
Philosophers
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
View of
Democracy
Teaching
Style
Written
works
Main Ideas
Greek Philosophers
• Philosophers use
observation and reason
to determine why
things happened.
• Opened new ways of
looking at the human
existence.
• Philosopher = lover
of wisdom
Plato
Socrates
• Athenian philosopher
• Did not write books to
record his thoughts.
• Ideas were passed on
by his student Plato.
• Roamed about the
market place
questioning fellow
citizens about their
beliefs.
“What is the Greatest Good?”
• Socratic method: pose a
series of questions and
challenge people to
examine the
implications of their
answer.
• Helped others seek
truth and self
knowledge
Socratic
Method
“The unexamined life is not worth
living.”
• Many Athenians found
Socrates to be annoying
• Many felt that his
questioning was
threatening accepted
traditions.
• At age 70 he was put on
trial for corrupting the
cities youth and failing
to respect the gods.
On Trial
• Socrates was found
guilty by a jury of 501
citizens, and
condemned to death.
• He refused to attempt
escape defending the
democratic system,
suggesting that the
duties of the individual
include submitting to
the laws of the state.
Drank a cup of hemlock
Plato
• Socrates student
• The death of Socrates
led Plato to distrust
democracy and leave
Athens for ten years.
• When he returned he
formed a school called
the academy where he
taught and wrote about
his own ideas.
Plato’s Republic
• Reason not experience
leads to genuine
knowledge.
• Rejected democracy
arguing instead for a state
that controls every aspect
of its citizens lives.
• All are born equal, but
they can only rise as high
as their abilities would
allow.
The Acdamey
Plato
• Plato wrote the
Republic which is about
justice and the
individual.
• Talked about how
tyranny is the worst
form of government
• Philosopher Kings
Plato’s Society
• Divided into three
classes
-workers to produce the
necessities of life.
-soldiers to defend the
state.
-philosophers to rule, who
would be specially
trained to ensure order
and justice.
Plato and
Aristotle
Philosopher
Kings
Aristotle
• Plato’s most famous
student.
• Analyzed all forms of
government.
• Preferred a government
by the many not by the
few though he felt a
democracy could lead
to mob rule.
Polity
• Favored a constitutional government
ruled by members of the middle class.
• The goals was to establish a just and
stable rule.
Politics “Rule of Law”
• Wrote Politics: about government and
the rule of law.
• Rule of law =Even rulers must be
subject to law.
• Is this true today in constitutional
governments?
• Despised tyranny.
The Lyceum
• Aristotle like Plato started a school called the
Lyceum.
• Wrote on politics, ethics, logic, biology,
literature, and many other subjects.
• The first universities were largely based on
his works.
Warm Up 9/4/14
1. What is “Rule of Law?”
2. What type of government did Aristotle
favor?
3. Which form of government do you think is
more effective, the Philosopher King’s of
Plato or the government described by
Aristotle, explain why? Which has been
more influential on modern democracies?
Warm Up 9/24/15
1. Map Skills pg 16 #s 1-3
Alexander the Great and the
Hellenistic Age
Objective
• Students note the rise and fall of Alexander
the Greats empire including the rise of the
Hellenistic age.
Aristotle Leaves Athens
• Following Plato’s
death Aristotle
left Athens
returning to the
Kingdom of
Macedonia
where he was
born.
• In Macedonia Aristotle
became the tutor of
King Philip’s 13 year old
son Alexander.
Alexander
Aristotle
Conquest of Greece
• Philip II
admired
Greek
culture and
eventually
decided to
conquer and
take Greece
as part of
his empire.
Philip II is Assassinated
• At age 20 Alexander
becomes King.
• He immediately began
to expand his empire
seeking to conquer the
Persians.
Alexander the Greats empire stretched into three
continents Europe, Africa, and Asia
Alexander the
Great
Darius III
• Alexander the
Greats empire
stretched more
than 2,000 miles
• Alexander died at
the age of 32,
undefeated in war,
he died of the flu.
• As Alexander’s military conquered new
regions cultures began to merge creating a
new culture.
• Hellenism: A blending of Greek, Persian,
Egyptian, and Indian cultures.