Transcript BE PREPARED FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

BE PREPARED FOR
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
First Aid
And
CPR
RESCUER DUTIES
• Make sure the scene is safe for yourself and
the victim/s
• Use protective equipment – gloves and
goggles if available
• Clear classroom for safety and limit
exposure of situation to other students
PHONING FOR HELP
• Dispatcher will ask ;
1. Where are you
located?
2. What is your
problem?
3. How many victims?
4. Age/s of victim/s?
5. Do you know First
Aid/CPR?
6. Do you have an
AED? Yes, hallway
outside of main
office
* Always wait for the
dispatcher to tell you
when to hang up
WHEN TO CALL FOR HELP
• Severe allergic reactions – IMMEDIATELY
• Person is unresponsive and not breathing
• Asthma – if don’t have medication; if use
medication and no improvement
• When any emergency injections are needed –
Glucagon for hypoglycemia, Epi-Pen for
severe allergic reactions, or Diastat for
seizures.
• Bleeding that can not be controlled within 15
to 20 minutes
FINDING THE PROBLEM
•
•
Primary Survey
Check for
responsiveness
• Look for life
threatening conditions
• CAB
1. Circulation
2. Airway
3. Breathing
• Secondary Survey
• Check for Bleeding
• Look for medical
jewelry
AFTER THE EMERGENCY
• If the situation has a positive or negative
outcome you may feel let down or that you
could have done more for the victims.
• Make sure you discuss with a school
employee, counselor, church member, nurse,
or family.
• Do not keep these feelings locked up inside.
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
BREATHING PROBLEMS
• Choking – Adult/Child
1. Responsive victim
2. Unresponsive victim
* Call 911
* Start CPR
* Look in mouth for object before giving
breaths – remove if you see it
SEVERE ALLERGIC
REACTIONS
• Signs/Symptoms
1. Swelling of the tongue or face
2. Difficulty breathing – high pitched
3. Skin rash
4. Nausea/vomiting
5. Rapid/weak pulse
6. Dizziness/fainting
7. Sensation of a lump in throat
8. Very hoarse or whispered voice
SEVERE ALLERGIC
REACTIONS
• Actions to Take
1. Call 911 – IMMEDIATELY
2. Help victim use Epi-Pen if they have
one and you have been trained by the school
nurse
3. NOTE TIME OF SHOT
4. If reaction is to a bee sting use a hard
object (credit card or fingernail) to scrape
away the stinger
SEVERE ALLERGIC
REACTIONS
• If someone has been exposed to
something they are allergic to – watch
them for at least 30 minutes to see if
they will have a reaction.
• Make their next teacher aware of
possibility of a reaction or send to office
for observation
ASTHMA
• Signs/Symptoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Wheezing
Difficulty moving air in/out
Rapid breathing
Coughing that won’t stop
Chest pain/pressure
Pale, sweaty skin
Blue lips, fingernails
Anxiety
ASTHMA
• Actions to Take
1. Have them use their inhaler – exhale
air – take medication in with a deep,
full breath.
2. Keep calm, encouraging them to slow
their breathing
ASTHMA
• If NOT improving from medication or
they don’t have their medication –
expose them to cold air – freezer,
outside air if winter. Also can try a
caffeinated drink – Pepsi/Mountain
Dew.
• No improvement – call 911
• Wheezing stops but still do not feel
better – call 911 – may be due to not
moving much air at all
LOW BLOOD SUGAR
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Signs/Symptoms
Change in behavior
Confused/irritable
Sleepiness
Hunger
Thirsty
Weak
7. Sweaty, pale
skin
8. Seizures
9. Anxiety
10.Heart
palpitations
11.Blurry/double
vision
LOW BLOOD SUGAR
•
1.
2.
3.
Action to Take
Make sure the scene is safe
Test their blood sugar if have glucom.
If they can swallow, help them eat or
drink something with sugar – syrup
packets from kitchen or hard candy
4. Have them sit or lie down
5. Call 911 if they become unresponsive
ELEVATED BLOOD SUGAR
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Signs/Symptoms
Frequent urination
Increased thirst
Fatigue
Headache
Fruity – smelling
breath
6. Weakness
7. Confusion
8. Coma
SEIZURES
• Tonic – Clonic
• Convulsions/
jerking motions
• Partial (Focal)
• Unaware of their
surroundings
SEIZURES - Convulsive
• Action to Take
1. Make sure the scene is safe and call
911- get AED
2. Move any furniture that may harm the
victim – remove glasses if wearing
3. Place a towel or pad under their head
4. Note how long seizure lasted/if
multiple
SEIZURES - Convulsive
5. After the seizure check for any
injuries/ or if are breathing
6. If not responding/breathing then start
CPR
7. If breathing but not conscious – roll
them on their side
CALL 911 FOR SEIZURE
• This is person’s first seizure
• Seizure lasts more than 5 minutes
• A convulsive seizure if followed by a
second without person regaining
consciousness between seizures
• Person is injured
• You believe they need urgent medical
attention
SEIZURES – Partial (Focal)
• Person is not aware of their
surroundings/what they are doing
• May pluck at clothes, smack their lips,
swallow repeatedly, or wander around
aimlessley
• Appear to be drunk, drugged, or even
pshycotic
SEIZURES – Partial (Focal)
• Action to Take with Partial Seizure
1. Guide the person from danger –
especially if are walking around
2. Be calm and reassuring – speak calmly
to not frighten
3. Stay with student until are completely
aware/responding normally
SEIZURES
•
1.
2.
3.
DO NOT
Hold the victim down
Put anything in the victim’s mouth
Give anything to eat or drink
DRUG OVERDOSE
• Can be accidental or intentional
• Caused by prescription medications, illicit
drugs, some plants , chemicals
• People may react differently to a drug
overdose
• Can involve people of any age
• Most common in young children (crawling to
age 5) and teenagers to mid – 30s
DRUG OVERDOSE
• Signs/Symptoms
1. Problems with vital
signs
2. Sleepiness, confusion,
or coma
3. Skin may be cool and
sweaty or hot/dry
4. Chest pain
5. Abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting
• Action to Take
* Responsive –
Call Poison
control and
provide as much
info as possible
* Unresponsive –
Call 911
DEPRESSANT OVERDOSE
• Heroin, morphine, methadone,
alcohol and certain prescription drugs
•
1.
2.
3.
Signs/Symptoms
Slow, shallow breathing
Cold, pale, skin
Unresponsive
DEPRESSANT OVERDOSE
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
Action to Take
Stay calm
Try to get a response from the victim
If no response, call 911
Check for breathing, if not breathing
start CPR
STIMULANT OVERDOSE
•
Amphetamines, cocaine
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Signs/symptoms
Rapid heartbeat
Muscle cramps
Seizures
Paranoia
Loss of control of movement
Lack of consciousness
STIMULANT OVERDOSE
•
1.
2.
3.
Action to Take
Remain calm
Call 911 if become unresponsive
Lie on their side if unconscious but
breathing
4. Start CPR if stop breathing
INFORMATION FOR
POISON CONTROL, EMS,
OR
ER
• Name of medication or drug?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
How much was taken?
When taken?
What other substances have they taken?
Age of patient?
Symptoms of victim?
Are they conscious/breathing?
If take to ER- take all drugs or medications at
location
CHEST PAIN
• Signs/Symptoms
1. Chest discomfort- pain , pressure,
squeezing, or fullness that lasts more
than a few minutes
2. Pain in other parts of body – arm/s,
neck, jaw, back or stomach
3. Cold, sweaty skin, nausea,
lightheadedness
CHEST PAIN
•
1.
2.
3.
Action to Take
Call 911- get AED
Keep victim calm
If an adult, give 2 baby aspirin or 1 adult
aspirin if no bleeding problems or allergy to
aspirin
4. Have victim sit or lie down
5. Start steps of CPR or use AED if needed
SHOCK
• Causes
1. Blunt trauma to the
abdomen or back
2. Severe heart attack
3. Allergic reaction
• Signs/Symptoms
1. Weak, dizzy, faint,
cold
2. Pale, grayish skin
3. Restless, agitated,
confused
• Action to Take
1. Make sure scene is
safe
2. Call 911
3. Stop any bleeding
you can see
4. Cover victim with
a blanket
FAINTING
• Causes
1. Standing or
squatting for a long
time
2. Suddenly standing
3. Hears bad news
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Action to Take
Make sure the scene is
safe
Help the victim lie
down
Elevate their feet
If they fell – check for
injuries
Help them sit up
slowly once they are
no longer dizzy
INJURY EMERGENCIES
BLEEDING YOU CAN SEE
• Most bleeding can be controlled by
direct pressure with gauze
• Once apply gauze – do not remove –
may pull away clots
• Elevate area if not painful to victim
• Call 911 if victim shows signs of shock
or if bleeding can not be controlled in
about 15 to 20 minutes
NOSEBLEEDS
• DO
1. Lean head forward
2. Apply pressure to
nose
• DO NOT
• Lean the head back
HEAD AND SPINE
INJURIES
•
1.
2.
3.
Causes
Accidents
Falls
Sports
• Action to Take
1. Make sure scene is
safe
2. Do not move
patient unless area
is not safe
3. Immobilize the
head
4. Call 911
HEAD AND SPINE
INJURIES
• Assume a person that has been knocked
unconscious may have a neck injury
• Concussions will cause a change in
behavior, headache, nausea or
vomiting, ringing in the ears, vision
changes, sleepiness, loss of
consciousness, and/or amnesia
BROKEN BONES AND
SPRAINS
• Apply ice to area for 15 to 20 minutes
• Never straighten a body part that is
bent
• Call 911 if body part is bent or you
don’t know what to do
• Advise patient to seek medical attention
IF A PERSON IS ON FIRE
• Make sure the scene is safe
• Call 911
• Tell them to “Stop, Drop, and Roll”
• After the fire is out remove all burnt
clothing or jewelry in area of burns
ELECTROCUTION
• Make sure the scene is safe
• Call 911
• Never try to remove a victim from area until
the electrical source has been turned off
• Damage may not be evident on outside of
body
• Start CPR if unresponsive and not breathing,
and use an AED if available
POISONS
• Make sure the scene is safe
• Look for spilled bottles/gases nearby
• Use PPE before approaching victim
• Call 911 if more than 1 victim
• Move victim to fresh air
POISONS
• If Responsive
1. Call Poison Control and give info
about chemical exposed to
2. Remove clothing and shower the
victim
3. Wash eyes at eyewash station
4. Remove any powders
5. Run area under water for 20 minutes
POISONS
• If Unresponsive
1. Call 911
2. Start CPR if needed and use AED if
available