Transcript Data - Vin Costa`s Wiki

Session 1-B
Introducing Data &
Data Management
ITE 252 international, open membership, notfor-profit technology standards
Database
Management
consortium.
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
1
Data
• Stream of raw, unorganized facts
• Single piece of data is single fact:
– Refrigerator SSN 958304 manufactured 11/05/2006
• Information: Data organized into form
people can understand or use
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
2
Databases
• Ordered collections of related data elements
• Designed to meet organization’s information
needs
• Designed to be shared by multiple users
• Help transform data into information
– For example, used to transform store cash register
transactions into sales reports
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
3
Example: Airline Ticketing & Reservations Company
international, open membership, notfor-profit technology standards
consortium.
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
4
Example: Airline Ticketing & Reservations Company
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
5
Data Management
• Uses databases and database management
software (DBMS)
• Allows organizations to:
– Easily access
data
international,
open membership, notfor-profit
technology
standards
– Handle greater
quantities
of data
consortium.
– Share data
– Reduce data redundancy (unwanted duplicate data)
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
6
Data Sources
• To understand what data is meaningful, examine
company’s core business and processes
• Processes: Series of tasks that accomplish specific
goal
• Primary processes help fulfill core business
open
membership,
not-resources
• To carryinternational,
out process,
company
needs
and assets,
such technology
as:
for-profit
standards
–
–
–
–
Buildings
and equipment
consortium.
People
Money
Information from relevant data sources
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
7
Example: Car Rentals
• Core business
– Rent cars
• Primary processes
– Processes to manage fleet and service cars
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
8
Example: Car Rentals: Departmental Activities
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
9
Specific Data Sources
• Specific data important to company can be
found in:
– Current information held in business documents
– Historic information
– Human sources: Employees at different levels can
provide different types of information about data
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
10
Human Data Sources
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
11
Data Flows
• Part of data collection process includes
understanding how data flows through organization
• Data: Similar to water, flowing from source to
destination
•
international, open membership, notfor-profit
technology
standards
However, unlike
river,
data may
have many
consortium.
destinations, or data consumers
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
12
Data Concerns
• Data accuracy
• Data security
• Data organization
international, open membership, not• Data access
for-profit technology standards
consortium.
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
13
Data Accuracy
• Involves ensuring accurate and correct data
• Inaccurate data:
– Employee mistakes, shortcuts, and biases
– Outdated
international, open membership, not– Poorly designed
or standards
algorithms
for-profitformulas
technology
• Maintainingconsortium.
data accuracy includes:
– Verifying data sources
– Managing data entry and manipulation
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
14
Data Security
• Processes and procedures implemented with goal
of keeping data safe
• Basic data security categories include:
– Access security
international, open membership, not– Physicalfor-profit
securitytechnology standards
consortium.
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
15
Access Security
• Involves controlling user and application access
to data, usually through one or more authentication
methods
• To reduce data source’s vulnerability:
international,
open membership,
not- is to access
– Reduce surface
area (how
exposed database
for-profit by
technology
standards
and manipulation
consumer
audience)
consortium.
• As potential consumer audience increases, so do
potential security concerns
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
16
Access Security
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
17
Physical Security
• Involves protecting data against physical
corruption or loss
• Three basic tasks :
– Protecting server
open
membership,
• Secureinternational,
server in locked
room
with limited notaccess
for-profit
technology
– Ensuring
storage
media standards
consortium.disk system
• Use fault-tolerant
– Duplicating data
• Maintain duplicate of data on mirror image, or make data backups
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
18
Data Organization
• Forces structure on data
• Helps reduce amount of physical space data requires
• Helps minimize time required to locate and retrieve
data
international, open membership, notfor-profit technology
standards
• Data standards:
Help ensure
that right amount of
consortium.
data is entered
in same way for every data object
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
19
Data Access
• Data queries retrieve data, insert new data, or
manipulate existing data
• Before database setup, determine:
– Who needs access to data
international, open membership, notfor-profit technology standards
– What level
of access is needed
consortium.
• User roles or responsibilities
• Full or limited access
– Type of access needed
• Directly or indirect through separate application
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
20
Summary
• Data are raw facts that organizations collect and
transform into meaningful information
• Data and information are primary business
resource
• Data management
through databases help support
international, open membership, notbusiness’sfor-profit
primary
processes
and core business
technology
standards
• Data management
consortium. concerns include data
accuracy, data security, data organization, and
data access
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
21
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Access security
Authentication method
Consumer audience
Core business
Data
Data access
Data accuracy
Data consumer
Prof. Vincent Costa
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Data query
Data security
Database
Fault-tolerant disk system
Information
Mirror image
Physical security
Surface area
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
22
Useful Websites
• http://www.omg.org/ - international, open
membership, not-for-profit technology
standards consortium
international, open membership, notfor-profit technology standards
consortium.
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
23
Homework
• Read Chapter One, pp.1-18
international, open membership, notfor-profit technology standards
consortium.
Prof. Vincent Costa
Nassau Community College
Acknowledgements: Introduction to
Database Management, All Rights Reserved
24