Transcript 4th SW Scouts First Aid

4th SW Scouts First Aid
Consent
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My name is ________.
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I know First Aid.
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May I help you?
Priority Action Approach/
Check, Call, Care
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Scene Assessment
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Primary Survey
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Activate Emergency Response
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Treatments
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Follow-up
Scene Assessment/
Check the Scene
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What happened?
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Was anyone else hurt?
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Is there still any danger?
Primary Survey/
Check the Person
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A- Airway (clear and open)
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B- Breathing (lungs working)
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C- Circulation (heart beating/bleeds controlled)
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D- Diffibrilation (zap if available)
Activate Emergency Response/
Call for Help
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How many People
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Exact Location
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Basic Nature of the Injuries
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”come back when you're done”
Treatments/
Care
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Assess
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Clean
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Bandage
Follow up/
Care (continued)
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Re-assess
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Promote healing
4th SW Scouts First Aid
Moving Patients
(before giving Care)
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Clothes drag
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2 person seat-carry
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Walking assist
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Blanket drag
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Foot drag
H.A.I.N.S.
“Recovery” position
“High Arm In Endangered Spine”
Make sure the Airway is free and clear of
obstructions.
Be VERY CAREFUL with the head and neck.
Secondary
Survey
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Questions (conscious patient OR witnesses)
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Vital Signs
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Head-to-Toe
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S.A.M.P.L.E.
–
Signs and Symptoms
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Allergies
–
Medications
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Past medical history
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Last meal
–
Events preceding the injury
Choking
Emergencies
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Incomplete (mild) Airway blockage
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Call 911, calm & reassure the patient.
Complete (severe) Airway blockage
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J-strokes
4th SW Scouts First Aid
Rescue
Breathing
FYI
“this is a pocket mask”
Breath slowly and smoothly over 1 second,
just enough air to make the chest rise.
Chest
Compressions
 Shoulders directly above the patient
 Elbows straight
 Heel of one hand in the middle of the chest
(other hand on top of the first hand)
 “Push hard, push fast”
 Allow for full chest recoil
 (aim for 2 inches depth on adults)
 (approx. 100 beats/min)
Timing
after breathing stops
0 Minute – Breathing stops
4-6 Minutes – Brain damage possible
6-10 Minutes – Brain damage likely
10+ Minutes – Brain damage nearly certain
The Chain
Of Survival
0. Healthy Choices
1. Early recognition
2. Early CPR
3. Early Defibrillation
4. Early Advanced Care
5. Integrated Post-Event Care
Unconscious
Choking
*note on “Call” (Adult – AED, Child – CPR)
 Start Compressions (30)
 Look in the mouth and finger sweep
 Give rescue breaths (2)
*readjust mask if chest does not rise.
 Continue CPR until:
 AED arrives
 More advanced care arrives
 It is unsafe to continue (scene or physically unable)
Respiratory/Cardiac
Arrest
*note on “Call” (Adult – AED, Child – CPR)
 Start Compressions (30)
 Give rescue breaths (2)
*readjust mask if chest does not rise (obstructed?)
 Continue CPR until:
 AED arrives
 More advanced care arrives
 It is unsafe to continue (scene or physically unable)
 A doctor-signed, valid “Do Not Resuscitate” order is
produced
AED
Automated External Defibrillation
 AED is used as soon as it is available
 Turn AED “ON”
 Connect lead (wire) to AED
 Expose patient’s chest
 Remove patch medications, fluids, or “bad-hairs”
 Apply pad electrodes to patient’s chest
 Stay at least 1 inch from scars or devices
 “Analyze” the patient (often automatic)
 Do NOT touch the patient in “Analyze”
AED
Automated External Defibrillation
If “Shock Advised”
If “NO Shock Advised”
 Chest compressions while  Begin 5 cycles
(2 min) of CPR
AED charges
(30 compressions,
 “All Clear” (no touching)
2 breaths)
 Press “Shock”
 Stop and Re Begin 5 cycles (2 min) of
CPR (30 compressions, 2
breaths)
 Stop and Re-analyze when
AED interrupts (no touching)
analyze when AED
interrupts
(no touching)
4th SW Scouts First Aid
Shock
(definition)
“Shock” is defined as:
“A serious condition caused when the circulatory
system cannot get enough oxygen-rich blood to
all parts of the body. It can be the result of
severe blood loss or an allergic reaction, among
other causes.”
- Glossary, Canadian Red Cross First Aid & CPR
Manual
Shock
(signs)
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Pale and Cool skin with a history of internal
trauma.
Pale, Cool, and Clammy skin.
3 P's
of bleeding Control
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Position of the patient – laying down and out of
the elements.
Position of the limb – above the heart if not
aggravating other injuries.
Pressure – directly on the wound site after
exposing it.
4th SW Scouts First Aid
Cold
Emergencies
Frost Nip/Bite
36 C
Snow Blindness 34 C
Hypothermia
30 C or less
Warm patient, remove
from cold environment
Use hot packs if
available
Wrap in blankets
Remove/replace
wet clothing
If alert, give
warm (not hot)
drink to sip
Heat
Emergencies
Heat Cramps
37 C
Heat Exhaustion 38 C
Heat Stroke
41 C or more
Cool patient, remove
from hot environment
If alert, use juice
or sports drink
to replace fluids
and salts
Sip water
Fan the patient
Cool with water
or cold packs
Pour water on
heat stroke
patients (MUST
cool them down)
Sudden
Fainting
HAINES position
Seek Medical Aid if not “Alert”
Sudden
Stroke
HAINES position
(affected side up)
Seek Medical Aid if not “Alert”
Sudden
Diabetic Emergency
HAINES position
Give sugar if “Alert”
Seek Medical Aid if not “Alert”
Sudden
Seizures
HAINES position
MAINTAIN AN OPEN AIRWAY!
Seek Medical Aid if not “Alert”
Medication
Rights
1. Right Person
2. Right Medication
3. Right Amount (Dose)
4. Right Time
5. Right Method (Route)
Sudden
Asthma attack
Narrowed Airway due to irritants
Get the patient away from irritants
Seek Medical Aid and assist with medication
(follow directions & “5 Rights”)
Anaphylaxis
(severe allergic reaction)
Swelling of the lips/face/neck
Itching and redness
Difficulty breathing/wheezing
Seek Medical Aid and assist the patient with the
use of their Epi-pen if available
(follow directions & “5 Rights”)
Angina or
Heart Attack
Give ASA “Aspirin” (if not allergic)
Give Nitroglycerin medication (under tongue)
Seek Medical Aid if pain persists after 15 min with
rest and medication
(follow directions & “5 Rights”)
4th SW Scouts First Aid
Wound
Care
Bruises, scrapes, and small cuts
Use ice (with cloth/pad) to reduce swelling/pain for
up to 20 mins every hour
Stop bleeding with direct pressure and gauze
Wash around wound site with soap and water
Rinse the inside with water only
Bandage appropriately
Signs of
Infection
Send all signs of infection to Medical Aid
 Increased pain or tenderness
 Heat around area
 Increased redness
 Presence of pus
 Swollen lymph glands
 Red streaks
Impaling
Wounds
Do NOT remove impaled objects
Seek Medical Aid
Very carefully attempt to stop/slow bleeding with
direct pressure and gauze around the object
Stabilize object with bulky dressings