Transcript CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

CARDIAC
EMERGENCIES
Anatomy of the Heart
Muscular organ (fist size)
 Functions like a pump
 Protected by the ribs, sternum, and
spine
 4 chambers, right and left halves
 Supplied with blood by the coronary
arteries
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Functions of the Heart
Right atrium (receives O2 poor blood
from veins)
 Right ventricle (pumps O2 poor blood
to the lungs)
 Left atrium (receives O2 rich blood)
 Left ventricle (pumps O2 rich blood to
the body)
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HEART ATTACK
Coronary arteries fail to supply the
heart muscle with O2 rich blood
 Muscle tissue starts to die (too much
= heart stops pumping blood)
 Interrupts heart’s electrical system,
causes irregular heartbeat
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Causes of Heart Attack
 Cardiovascular
Disease
(heart and blood vessels)
70 million Americans have it
1 million deaths
 Coronary Artery Disease
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
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Early tendencies….junk food and smoking
Risk Factors
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Gender….males higher
Family history of heart disease
Smoking*
Diets high in saturated fats*
Obesity*
High blood pressure*
Lack of exercise*
Cardiovascular Disease
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Cholesterol causes atherosclerosis
S/S of Heart Attack
 Persistent
chest pain or
discomfort
 Difficulty breathing
 Changes in pulse rate
 Skin appearance
Care for Heart Attack
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Summon EMS
Convince victim to stop activity and rest
Help victim rest comfortably
SAMPLE History
Comfort the victim
Monitor Vitals
Be prepared for CPR
CARDIAC ARREST
 Heart
stops beating or beats too
weakly to circulate blood
 Breathing stops—clinical death
 Organs no longer receiving O2
rich blood
 300,000 deaths prior to reaching
hospital
Causes of Cardiac Arrest
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*Cardiovascular disease*
Drowning
Suffocation
Certain drugs
Severe injuries to the chest
Severe blood loss
Electrocution
Stroke
Stroke
STROKE
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A stroke is an interruption of the blood
supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is
sometimes called a "brain attack."
Alternative Names
Cerebrovascular disease; CVA; Cerebral
infarction; Cerebral hemorrhage
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
HCM is the leading cause of sudden
death in young people
 (1 in 500 people)
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Excessive thickening of heart muscle
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Anthony Bates Foundation
Signs of Cardiac Arrest
 NO
PULSE
 NO BREATHING
Care for Cardiac Arrest
 Call
 CPR
911
and AED until ACLS
equipment arrives
Using an AED
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Confirm cardiac arrest (ABC’s)
Do CPR until AED is ready
Open the lid of the AED
Attach the electrode pads to the chest
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Dry and shave chest if necessary
Let the AED analyze the rhythm
Deliver a shock, if indicated
Precautions….DO NOT:
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use alcohol pads to clean the chest
touch victim while analyzing and defibrillating
use in a moving vehicle, water, or on sheet
metal
use within 10 feet of cell phones
use on children under the age of 8
use on someone wearing a nitroglycerine patch
use near flammable materials
Adult CPR
Hand position
 Body position
 Compression depth….1.5-2 inches
 Compression rate….30 compressions
in 20 seconds
 Cycle…30 compressions: 2 breaths
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ADULT CPR
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Check LOC
Call 911
Open airway, check for breathing
Give 2 slow breaths
Check for circulation and severe bleeding
Begin CPR by giving 30 compressions
Then give 2 slow breaths
Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2
breaths
After 1 minute, re-check the pulse for 5
seconds
Child CPR
 Hand
position-1 hand
 Body position
 Compression depth…1-1.5 inches
 Compression rate…5
compressions in 3 seconds
 Cycle…30 compressions: 2 breath
CHILD CPR
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Check LOC
Call 911
Open airway and check for breathing
Give 2 slow breaths
Check for circulation and severe bleeding
Begin CPR by giving 30 compressions
Then give 2 breaths
Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2
breaths
After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 seconds
INFANT CPR
Hand position-nipple line, 2 fingers
 Body position
 Compression depth…1/2 to 1 inch
 Compression rate…5 compressions in
about 3 seconds
 Cycle…5 compressions: 1 breath
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INFANT CPR
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Check LOC
Call 911
Open airway and check for breathing
Give 2 slow breaths
Check for circulation and severe bleeding
Begin CPR by giving 5 compressions
Then give 1 breath
Repeat cycles of 5 compressions and 1 breath
After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 seconds
When to stop CPR
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A person with higher training takes over
EMS takes over
Person’s heart starts beating
The scene becomes unsafe
An AED is being used
If you are presented with a DNR order
If you are too exhausted to continue