Transcript The role of nurses in providing health

The role of nurses in providing
health-protective mode, creating
a safe hospital environment.
Medical and security service in medical facilities - is a mode that
provides optimal conditions for the patient stays in hospital, his
suffering facilitates and accelerates the healing process.
Leading role in its maintenance and
improvement has the nursing staff in
professional whose function are
•direct provision of medical diagnostic
process
• medical care,
• ongoing monitoring of the patients.
A nurse is a health care professional who
is engaged in the practice of nursing. Nurses
are responsible—along with other health care
professionals—for the treatment, safety, and
recovery of acutely or chronically ill or injured
people, health maintenance of the healthy, and
treatment of life-threatening emergencies in a
wide range of health care settings. Nurses may
also be involved in medical and nursing
research and perform a wide range of nonclinical functions necessary to the delivery of
health care.
“Nurses dispense comfort, compassion, And caring
without even a prescription”
Val Saintbury
Caring For The Patient
Underpinning all of the responsibilities of a nurse is the duty of
care to their patients. They make sure that the patient is comfortable,
ensures that the patient is getting enough food and drink and they
help the patient to get sufficient rest and sleep.
The nurse is responsible for taking care of the elimination of
waste fluids from a patient when they are not able to go to the toilet.
They will wash and bathe them and ensure that the patient does not
suffer with any pain. They will help to keep the patient as mobile as
possible to avoid the consequences of things like pressure sores and
stiff muscles and joints and they will also offer emotional support to
the patient on the road to recovery.
Work with the doctor to cure the Patient
• A nurse’s role encompasses far more than simply care. They will
work alongside the doctor and/or surgeon to support them in the
actual medical treatment of the patient. For example, a surgeon may
well have performed the operation but it will be the nurse who will
set up things like an intravenous line to administer drugs and the
nurse will be the person who changes dressings, gives the patient
any injections and who administers other pain killing medication.
Of course, all of the treatment will have been
authorised by the doctor or surgeon first but it
will be the nurse who often determines when
certain procedures post-surgery are carried
out and it will also be their responsibility to
closely monitor the patient’s progress and to
feed that information back to the
doctor/surgeon
Coordinate the care of the patient
• The nurse will be at the very heart of the joint team effort
in ensuring that a patient makes a full recovery. They will
work alongside doctors and other nurses as well as
physiotherapists and other members of the medical team
co-ordinating all of the various follow-up treatments and
sessions which the patient needs to attend whilst in
hospital.
Protect the patient
• The nurse will ultimately be responsible for the protection of the
patient whilst they are in hospital. This is demonstrated in
numerous ways. For example, they will liase with cleaning and
housekeeping staff to ensure that the patient’s living space is kept
clean and free from infection and will also ensure that the patient
cannot come to any harm in terms of helping them walk without
tripping, making sure they can get and off the toilet and, in general,
they make sure that the patient stays safe as well as protecting
their dignity, when it comes to things like having to wash and dress
the patient.
Teach the patient and family
• Although the patient will receive advice from surgeons and the
likes of therapists, it will often be the nurse’s role to ensure
that the patient fully understands what is expected of them if
they want to get well and carry on with all of their usual
activities as quickly as possible. So, a nurse will often be the
person who will reinforce the rehabilitation program to the
patient and who will give them and their family as much
advice as possible about things like exercise, nutrition and the
importance of rest and sleep and not overdoing things once
the patient is able to go home.
Advocate for the patient
Nurses are with people during the most critical times of their lives. Nurses
are with people when they are born, when they are injured or ill, when they die.
People share the most intimate details of their lives with nurses; they undress for
nurses, and trust them to perform painful procedures.
Nurses are at the bedside of the sick and suffering 24 hours a day. They
are there when patients cannot sleep because of pain or fear or loneliness. They
are there to feed patients, bathe them, and to support them.
Nurses have a long history of caring for the patient and speaking for his
or her needs. That is what advocacy is about: supporting the patient, speaking on
that person’s behalf, and interceding when necessary. This advocacy is a part of
the nurse's caring and a part of the closeness and trust between nurse and patient
that gives nursing a very special place in health care.
Hospital
design
should
ensure
that
patients,
especially
immunocompromised
patients, are at no greater
risk for infection within
the hospital than outside.
Because the microbial
flora of a health-care
facility can be influenced
by its design, infection
control
professionals
play a major role in this
aspect.
Healthcare facilities are, of course,
most exposed to the risk of crossinfections due to the presence of
conditions facilitating the expansion
and spreading of pathogenic microorganisms. These occurrences of a
pathogenic nature are due to various
factors such as being in the same
room as diseased persons, flows of
visitors, activities that facilitate the
spread of infectious agents, the
selection of resistant and particularly
virulent micro-organisms.
The survival of microbes on carpeting, however, is different:
they are present in larger numbers on this surface and they
pose a greater risk for infection. Therefore, carpets should be
vacuumed daily and periodically steam cleaned. Carpeting
should be avoided in high-risk areas because the cleaning
process may aerosolize fungal spores. Regardless of the
flooring chosen, it should be easily cleanable and water
resistant.
Nurses’ uniforms
can act as a
reservoir of
infections, with the
areas around the
pockets, cuffs and
aprons the most
contaminated.
Investigators
compared the
contamination
levels as well as
measured the
influence of the
number of shifts a
uniform was used in
its contamination.
A person who takes care of
the patient should always be
smart,
calm,
restrained,
patient and at the same time
demanding
the
implementation of all doctor's
prescriptions.
Bacteria on hospital
floors predominantly consist
of
skin
organisms,
e.g.,
coagulase-negative
staphylococci, Bacillus spp.,
and diptheroids; S. aureus and
Clostridium spp. can also be
cultured. However, infection
risk from contaminated floors
is
small.
Gram-negative
bacteria are rarely found on
dry floors, but may be present
after cleaning or a spill.
Nevertheless, these organisms
tend to disappear as the
surface dries.
For successful treatment and rapid
recovery of patients necessary favorable
conditions of stay: light, heat, sufficient
space is well ventilated and insolovana
House,
a
comfortable
bed,
quiet
environment
conditions,
healthy
recreation, management and clinical
nutrition, good health and safety services,
adequate planting area for walks in the
fresh air, full of somatic and mental
comfort.
• In general, pathogenic
microorganisms do not readily
adhere to walls or ceilings
unless the surface becomes
moist, sticky, or damaged.
Little evidence exists that walls
and ceilings are a major
source for hospital infection.
Wall coverings should be fluid
resistant and easily cleaned,
especially in areas where
contact with blood or body
fluids may occur (e.g.,
laboratories, operating rooms).
Finishings around plumbing
fixtures should be smooth and
water resistant.
•
Wards
Wards are considered risk areas
mainly due to the continuous
coming and going of people
(patients, visitors, healthcare
personnel) and due to the
presence of various potentially
contaminating biologic fluids.
•
Waiting rooms
In the waiting rooms of a hospital
or surgery where the number of
people passing through is very
high, it is necessary to guarantee
a good level of sanitising in order
to prevent pathogenic microorganisms passing from one
person to another, and thus
infecting people who are already
in poor health.
• Corridors
Corridors are places that make
it particularly easy for microorganisms to spread from one
area to another, since they
connect areas featuring
different levels of
contamination, such as wards,
lifts, toilets and doors leading
outside.
• Toilets
In hospitals as elsewhere,
toilets are a repository for
germs that can aggravate the
clinical conditions of people
already hospitalised, thus
leading to the onset of
nosocomial infections.
• Handwashing is the
single most important
method to prevent
hospital infections.
Each patient room,
examination room,
and procedure room
needs at least one
sink.
• Implementation of patient
care practices for infection
control is the role of the
nursing
staff.
Nurses
should be familiar with
practices to prevent the
occurrence and spread of
infection, and maintain
appropriate practices for
all patients throughout the
duration of the it hospital
stay.
Role of the
nursing staff
The senior nursing administrator is
responsible for:
• participating in the Infection Control Committee
• promoting the development and improvement of nursing
techniques, and ongoing review of aseptic nursing
policies, with approval by the Infection Control
Committee
• developing training programmes for members of the
nursing staff
• supervising the implementation of techniques for the
prevention of infections in specialized areas such as the
operating suite, the intensive care unit, the maternity unit
and newborns
• monitoring of nursing adherence to policies.
The nurse in charge of infection control is a
member of the infection control team and
responsible for :
•
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•
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_ identifying nosocomial infections
_ investigation of the type of infection and infecting organism
_ participating in training of personnel
_ surveillance of hospital infections
_ participating in outbreak investigation
_ development of infection control policy and review and approval of
patient care policies relevant to infection control
• _ ensuring compliance with local and national regulations
• _ liaison with public health and with other facilities where
appropriate
• _ providing expert consultative advice to staff health and other
appropriate hospital programmes in matters relating to transmission
of infections.
The nurse in charge of a ward is
responsible for:
• _ maintaining hygiene, consistent with hospital policies and good
nursing practice on the ward
• _ monitoring aseptic techniques, including handwashing and use of
isolation
• _ reporting promptly to the attending physician any evidence of
infection in patients under the nurse’s care
• _ initiating patient isolation and ordering culture specimens from any
patient showing signs of a communicable disease, when the
physician is not immediately available
• _ limiting patient exposure to infections from visitors, hospital staff,
other patients, or equipment used for diagnosis or treatment
• _ maintaining a safe and adequate supply of ward equipment, drugs
and patient care supplies.