Transcript social changesx - Elmwood Park Public Schools

Chapter 16
Social Change: Looking Toward Tomorrow
1 World
The Real
Copyright © 2008 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Group Activity
• Analyze the following stats for the bottom 7 countries
for both Europe and the Middle East: Per capita,
Population under 15, Literacy Rate, and Life
Expectancy.
• Come up with a plan of action that can better these
categories for those countries. Specifically figure out
a strategy for each category
• What can the media do to improve Americans’
opinions and views of the Middle East?
• Is it the medias job to make sure they put out
objective stories that show both sides of the
story? Why or why not
Wrap Up
• How do you feel about companies like McDonalds,
Walmart, Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts. Do you think
companies like this are good for American Society?
• What are the pros and cons of places like this.
Do Now
• If you were in a situation where everyone
around you was breaking the law
(stealing, assaulting others, vandalizing)
and there were no authority figures
around to stop or catch anyone, would
you join in, try to stop it, or ignore it and
leave? Explain
Group Activity: Scenario
• You are a law enforcement agency. There is a group
of people gathering in town to protest a court decision
that is very unpopular. The mob is growing by the
hour and its starting to get hostile. Come up with a
plan of action to stop this situation from escalating and
becoming a full blown riot. Remember you have a
responsibility to protect and serve the people of the
community
Collective Behavior
• Collective behavior refers to behavior that
emerges from the formation of a group or
crowd of people who together take action
toward a shared goal.
• Collective behavior theories suggest that such
occurrences are often organized and maintain
a certain amount of order.
The Real World
Copyright © 2008 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
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Collective Behavior (Cont’d)
• Contagion theory, one of the earliest theories
of collective action, suggests that individuals
who join a crowd or mob become “infected” by
a mob mentality and lose the ability to reason.
The Real World
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Collective Behavior (Cont’d)
• Emergent norm theory assumes individual
members of a crowd make their own
decisions about behavior and that norms are
created through others’ acceptance or
rejection of these behaviors.
• Collective behavior generally can take three
different forms: crowd behavior, mass behavior,
and social movements.
The Real World
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Collective Behavior (Cont’d)
• A crowd is a temporary gathering of
individuals, whether spontaneous or
planned, who share a common focus.
•
A riot is continuous disorderly behavior by
a group of people that disturbs the peace
and is directed toward other people and/or
property.
The Real World
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What is Social Change?
• Sociologists define social change as the
transformation of a culture over time. Some
changes are deliberate or intended, while
others are unplanned or unintentional.
• Some changes are more controversial than
others.
The Real World
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Video Clip: Riot
• Is there any reason that justifies why
those people rioted, looted stores, and
assaulted people or do you believe it was
opportunism at its best and the people
were just taking advantage of a bad
situation? Explain
What is Social Change? (cont’d)
• There are several ways that social change
can occur. One way is through a major
physical event (hurricanes, earthquakes, or
volcanic eruptions.
• Demographic factors can also lead to social
change (for example, the aging of baby
boomers).
The Real World
Copyright © 2008 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
3
What is Social Change? (cont’d)
• Another source of social change lies in
discoveries and innovations (fire or the
wheel).
• The most important contributions to social
change have been made through
collective action (the civil rights
movement)
The Real World
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4
Collective Behavior (Cont’d)
• Mass behavior occurs when large groups of
people engage in similar behaviors without
necessarily being in the same place.
• Fads are interests or practices followed
enthusiastically for a relatively short period of
time.
• Fashion refers to the widespread custom or
style of behavior and appearance at a particular
time or in a particular place.
The Real World
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Collective Behavior (Cont’d)
• A social dilemma is caused when
behavior that is rational for the
individual can, when practiced by
many people, lead to collective
disaster.
The Real World
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2 Classes of Social Dilemmas
• tragedy of the commons (a situation in
which many individuals’ over-exploitation of a
public resource depletes or degrades that
resource)
•
the public goods dilemma (a situation in
which individuals must incur a cost to
contribute to a collective resource, though
they might not benefit from that resource).
The Real World
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Collective Behavior (Cont’d)
• A social movement refers to any social
group with the leadership, organization, and
an ideological commitment to promote or
resist social change.
• Mass society theory assumes people join
social movements to satisfy a psychological
need to belong to something larger than
themselves.
The Real World
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Do Now
• Explain one aspect of American society that you
wish there was a social movement to change and
why?
Emergent Social Movements:
Promoting and Resisting Change
• activism (any activity intended to bring
about social change) are constantly
emerging.
The Real World
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Emergent Social Movements: Promoting
and Resisting Change (Cont’d)
• regressive (a term describing
resistance to particular social changes,
efforts to maintain the status quo, or
attempts to re-establish an earlier form
of social order)
•
progressive (a term describing efforts
to promote forward-thinking social
change).
The Real World
Copyright © 2008 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
16
Technology and Social Change
• technological determinism (the idea
that technology plays a defining role in
shaping society).
The Real World
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Do Now
• We live in a time where social networks keep us
connected to one another. Describe how social
networks can be used to better society and improve
the lives of people.
• Do you feel that social networks are being misused by
most people? Explain
Technology and Social Change
(cont’d)
• Cultural lag refers to the time between
changes in material culture or technology
and the resulting changes in the broader
culture’s relevant norms, values,
meanings, and laws.
• Cultural diffusion refers to the spread of
material and non-material culture to new
cultural groups regardless of the
movement of people.
The Real World
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Technology and Social Change
(con’t)
• Cultural imperialism refers to cultural
influence caused by adopting another
culture’s products rather than by an
imposing military force.
• Cultural leveling is the process by
which societies lose their uniqueness
and become increasingly similar.
The Real World
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Collective Behavior (Cont’d)
• Relative deprivation theory is a theory of
social movements that focuses on the
actions of oppressed groups who seek
rights or opportunities already enjoyed by
others in the society.
•
Resource mobilization theory focuses
on the practical constraints that help or
hinder social movements’ action.
The Real World
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Implications for a Postmodern
World
• Technology will continue to play an
increasingly important role in almost
every aspect of people’s lives as
society continues its transformation
from a modern society to a
postmodern society.
The Real World
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4 Stages of Social Movement
• The first stage is the incipient stage—
when a situation is defined as a problem.
• second stage, people begin to organize.
• The third stage is characterized by the
movement becoming bureaucratized.
• Finally, the movement enters the fourth
stage and eventually begins to decline.
The Real World
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Implications for a Postmodern
World (Cont’d)
• Modernity refers to the social
conditions and attitudes characteristic
of industrialized societies, including the
decline of tradition, an increase in
individualism, and a belief in progress,
technology, and science.
The Real World
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Implications for a Postmodern
World (cont’d)
• Postmodernity refers to the
social conditions and attitudes
characteristic of post-industrialized
societies, including a focus on the
production and management of
information, and skepticism of
science and technology.
The Real World
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Concept Quiz
1.
Large groups of people engaging in
similar behavior without necessarily being in
the same place is called:
a. collective behavior.
b. emergent behavior.
c. mass behavior.
d. progressive behavior.
The Real World
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Concept Quiz
2.
A type of social dilemma in which
individuals must incur a cost to contribute to
a collective resource is called the:
a. tragedy of the commons.
b. collective cost dilemma.
c. public goods dilemma.
d. social contribution dilemma.
The Real World
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Concept Quiz
3.
Which theory of social movements
focuses on the actions of oppressed groups
who seek rights and opportunities already
enjoyed by others in society?
a. Relative deprivation theory
b. Emergent norm theory
c. Mass society theory
d. Contagion theory
The Real World
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Concept Quiz
4.
The fact that MTV can now be seen in
about 166 countries is an example of:
a. cultural determinism.
b. cultural leveling.
c. cultural diffusion.
d. cultural lag.
The Real World
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Concept Quiz
5.
According to the text, which of the
following is NOT a characteristic of
postmodernity?
a. Skepticism of new technology
b. Focus on the production of information
c. Focus on ideas and cultural debates
d. A strong belief in science
The Real World
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Quiz Review
• Reform- improve society through social
change. Using legal channels to seek
change. Ex. Women's Rights, Gay Rights,
Civil Rights Movement
• Resistance- To return to traditional ways of
acting or thinking. Want to reverse current
social trends and turn back the clock. Ex.
Relgious Right, Pro Life movement
• Utopian Movement: People involved to
remove themselves from society and create
their own ideal society. The members believe
that the number of their supporters will grow as
people come to believe in the ideals
represented by the movement. Ex. 1960's
peace movement.
• Revolutionary: Total radical change of existing
social structure. Ultimate aim to overthrow
existing gov. & replace with their own version.
American, Cuban, Soviet Revolutions.