Transcript Animal evolution - Fairfield Public Schools

ANIMAL EVOLUTION
What is an animal?
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Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Organized
What is
Animal Invertebrates
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Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
No Vertebrate
Backbone
• Central Notocord
Invertebrate Animals
Invertebrates
Porifera
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Nematoda
Annelida
Platyhelminthes
Insecta
Arthropoda
Crusteacean
Arachnid
Tied to the water!
Living in the water
is EASY!
What do all animals require to
survive?
• Water
• Oxygen
• Food
• Ability to
reproduce
PHYLUM: Cnidaria
• No true tissue
• Marine
• ex. Jellyfish,
hydra, coral, sea
anemone
•Nerve Net
•Tentacles with
stinging cells
Still tied to
the water!
•Radial
Symmetry
•2 cell layers
(endoderm,
ectoderm)
Corals
Sea Anenomes
Symbiotic Relationships
BRAIN CORAL
PHYLUM: Echinodermata
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Means: Spiny Skin
Radial Symmetry
Sexual and Asexual
Seastar, sea urchin,
sand dollar
•How do they get food?
•Oxygen?
•Reproduce?
Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars
Getting larger!
Still in the water!
•Bilateral
•3 cell layers
(endoderm,
mesoderm,
ectoderm)
Becoming
Bilateral!
Cephalization
PHYLUM: Mollusca
• Calcium carbonate shell
• Soft body: mantle
• ex. Snails, clams, oysters
•How do they get food?
•Oxygen?
•Reproduce?
PHYLUM: Nematoda
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Roundworm
Symmetrical
Notocord
One-way digestive
system
•ex. Ringworm, heartworm
Hookworm
•parasites
PHYLUM: Annelida
• Segmented worm
• One-way digestive tract
• ex. Earthworm, leeches
•How do they get food?
•Oxygen?
•Reproduce?
PHYLUM: Platyhelminthes
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Plat=Flat
Flatworms
Aquatic or semi-aquatic
bilateral
Tapeworms
PHYLUM: Arthropoda
• Body Segments
• Exoskeleton made of
what?
• Chitin=carbo
• Jointed appendages
CLASS: Insecta
PHYLUM: Arthropoda
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6 legs
3 body segments
wings
ex. Bee, grasshopper
•How do they get food?
•Oxygen?
•Reproduce?
CLASS: Arachnida
PHYLUM: Arthropoda
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8 legs (4 pairs)
2 body segments
No antennae
ex. Spiders, ticks,
mites, scorpions
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CLASS: Crusteacean
PHYLUM: Arthropoda
Breath through gills
2 pair of anntenae
2 body segments, 5 pairs legs
mostly marine
ex. Shrimp, lobster, pillbug
PHYLUM: Chordata
• Has a notochord at some stage of
development (cartilage)
• Dorsal nerve cord
• Ventral heart
PHYLUM: Chordata
• All vertebrates are
chordates.
• NOT all chordates
• are vertebrates.
• Diffusion
Finally, moving to land?
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrate
• Notochord replaced by
vertebrate backbone in
embryo
• Specialized muscle system
• Internal skeleton
• CNS w/ brain
• Appendages for
locomotion
3 Classes of Fish
Phylum:Chordata, Subphylum:Vertebrate
LAND HO!
WELL, NO LAND YET!!!!
•How do they get food?
•Oxygen?
• Fins
• Ectotherms: body temp. according
to environment
Subphylum: Agnatha
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Jawless Fish
Sucker mouth
No scales; slimy skin
Gills not covered
Cartilage skeleton
Ex. Lamprey &
hagfish
Subphylum: Chondrichthyes
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Cartilage fish
Sharks, rays & skates
Tooth-like scales
Hinged jaw
Gills not covered
Subphylum: Osteichthyes
• Bony fish
• Eel, salmon, trout
• Hinged jaw
•Flat scales
•Covered gills
Reproduce?
•External
Fertilization
•External
Development
LAND HO!
NOW!!!!
Problems with living on land!
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Reproduction
Gas exhange
Gravity
Movement
Dessication
Temperature (winter)
Transporting nutrients throughout
body
Class: Amphibian
• Immature:gills
• Adult: lungs
• Thin moist skin
Reproduction?
•External
Fertilization
•External
Development
Class: Reptiles
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Dry scaly skin
Ectotherm
Lungs
Internal Fertilization
Extenal Development
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Reptiles
• Internal Fertilization
• External Development
Endo/ecto-therm
Class: Aves
Birds
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Scales on legs
Endotherms
Feathers for insulation
Thin bones
Lungs
Internal Fertilization
External Development
Class: Mammals
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Care for young
Feed milk
Endotherms
Hair or fur
Lungs
Developed brain
Internal Fertilization
& Development
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http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/121682
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http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80b
eats/2010/01/06/fossil-footprints-showanimals-adventured-onto-land-earlierthan-thought
/