Transcript Inclusive science

Inclusive science: strategies to
broaden participation
Preparing for Academic Careers in
the Geosciences Workshop 2013
Raj Pandya
Why is diversity important to
science?
Think about why is it important to
scientists, people who use science,
people who fund science.
Signs of disconnect
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Performance on international tests
Enrollment in STEM
Minority participation
Public understanding
Politicization
Unrealized research
Why is enhancing diversity
especially relevant for the
geosciences?
PhDs in Atmospheric Sciences by
Race/Ethnicity and Citizenship
US citizens from underRepresented groups
Temporary Residents
US citizens - majority
[1] Chart made from data at National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics. 2010 Science and Engineering
Degrees, by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1997–2006. Detailed Statistical Tables NSF 10-300. Arlington, VA. Available at
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10300/.
Kate Golden/Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism
Victor H. Rivera-Monroy and Robert R. Twilley
Jay Dickman, National Geographic
“Cold is what makes my language,
my culture, my identity. What am I
going to do without cold?”
Oscar Kawagley, Yup’ik
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Drought in the Sahel
Held et al, 2005.
Why is Diversity so hard?
What about science makes it hard to
attract and advance students from
historically underrepresented groups?
Biases that may be shared
Faculty participants rated the male applicant as
significantly more competent and hireable than the
(identical) female applicant
Moss-Racusin, C. A., Dovidio, J. F., Brescoll, V. L., Graham, M. J., & Handelsman, J. (2012). Science
faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 109(41), 16474-16479.
Letter writers were more likely to use “communal”
words when describing female applicants and “agentic”
terms when describing male applicants
Madera, J. M., Hebl, M. R., & Martin, R. C. (2009). Gender and letters of recommendation for
academia: Agentic and communal differences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1591.
Why?
Communication
Acronyms, jargon and,
“low-context”
Culture
unfamiliar practices
and divergent values
Relevance
Are science questions
aligned with
community priorities?
Our scientific power has outrun
our spiritual power. We have
guided missiles and misguided
men.
Marin Luther King, Jr.
What has worked?
Design Principles (not à la carte)
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Institutional leadership
Targeted recruitment
Engaged faculty
Personal attention
Enriched research experience
Bridging to the next level
Continuous evaluation
who does the question come from?
scientist-inspired
community-inspired
does it require
community participation?
is science already
available to answer the
question?
no
yes
requires data
yes
requires data and
knowledge
no
yes
research question
contributory
science
collaborative
science
does it require
community
participation?
scientist-led
science
push education
& application
push e & a
by doing
yes
no
cocreated
science
communitydirected science
pull e & a
by doing
pull e & a
CommunityInspired Science
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Solutions-oriented
Multidisciplinary
Inclusive
Participatory
Managing Meningitis in the Sahel
Accept Bias and build processes to
negate bias
“Blind auditions increased the probability that a
woman would advance from preliminary rounds
by 50 percent.”
Rouse and Goldin, American Economic Review, 2001
Implicit Association Tests
• Introduced in 1998 to measure automatic associations
• Most people who take the test “prefer” the following associations
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Young and good
Euro-American and good
Thin and good
Females and Liberal Arts
Males and Science
Career and Males
Family and Females
Straight and good
• Associations may be counter to self-efficacy
– e.g. African-Americans also hold negative associations about African-Americans, though
at a lessor rate than other groups.
• Associations may differ from stated beliefs, values, or actions
• Exposure is the antidote
What are willing you try?
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What institutional goals can you build on?
What examples have you seen that work?
Who can help you?
What connections do you have to diversity?
Inclusion, not diversity
Diversity is who does our science,
inclusion is about what science
questions we ask, how we answer
them, and who we work with.
[email protected]