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Transcript material culture
CULTURE
VAGUE AND SPECIFIC
CULTURE – SHARED PRODUCTS OF HUMAN GOODS
HUMANS
ARE NOT CONTROLLED BY NATURAL INSTINCTS
HOW
GROUPS OF PEOPLE DEAL WITH ENVIRONMENT =
CULTURE
INCLUDE
NOT
BELIEFS, VALUES, AND BEHAVIORS
THE SAME AS SOCIETY
SOCIETY
CONSISTS OF PEOPLE – CULTURE
CONSISTS OF PRODUCTS THAT PEOPLE MAKE
MATERIAL CULTURE – PHYSICAL
OBJECTS
NONMATERIAL CULTURE –
ABSTRACT HUMAN CREATIONS
COMPONENTS OF CULTURE
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF CULTURE ARE BASIC AMONG SOCIETIES
THESE BROAD CATEGORIES INCLUDE:
TECHNOLOGY
SYMBOLS
LANGUAGE
VALUES
NORMS
TECHNOLOGY – TOOLS AND THE
KNOWLEDGE AND RULES TO USE THEM
• ANY TOOL CREATED FOR A SPECIALIZED PURPOSE
• FROM THE WHEEL TO A WALKING STICK TO A COMPUTER
• ALSO INCLUDES THE SKILLS ON HOW TO USE AND UNDERSTAND
THE TECHNOLOGY
SYMBOLS- ANYTHING THAT REPRESENTS
SOMETHING ELSE
TAKEN FROM
SEMAPHORE - ND
UPSIDE/DOWN FLAG =
DISTRESS
REBIRTH AND
DESTRUCTION
LANGUAGE – WRITTEN AND SPOKEN SYMBOLS IN
A STANDARDIZED SYSTEM
A VERBAL FORM OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION SEEMS TO BE UNIVERSAL, BUT NOT
NECESSARILY LANGUAGE
WHAT USED TO BE OKAY WHAT IS OKAY TODAY
POLYGAMY
MONOGAMY
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
CHILD
MERCENARIES
SOLDIERS AND BRIDES
PROSTITUTION
PUBLIC
EXECUTION AND
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT
STATE RUN ARMIES
AGE
OF CONSENT AND
INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
ONLY
LEGAL IN SOME AREAS
INTERRACIAL
MARRIAGE
VALUES – SHARED BELIEFS ABOUT
WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG
NORMS – SHARED RULES THAT TELL PEOPLE
HOW TO ACT IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS
CREATED
BY GROUPS
SPECIFICALLY
EXPECTATIONS, NOT ACTUAL BEHAVIOR
TREAT
IT LIKE A RANGE… SOME MORE IMPORTANT THEN OTHERS AND
SOME FOLLOWED BY ONLY A FEW
CAN
BE APPLIED SELECTIVELY.
MURDER
IS ILLEGAL, BUT KILLING BY ARMY IS NOT
LETS BREAK IT DOWN
FOLKWAYS
MORES (MORAYZ)
DO HAVE GREAT MORAL
COMMON
ACCEPTABLE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR SIGNIFICANCE ATTACHED
DESCRIBE
BUT
DO NOT HAVE GREAT
MORAL SIGNIFICANCE
VIOLATION
DAMAGES OR
HURTS SOCIETY
SHAKE HANDS, ELBOWS ON EX.) STEALING, FRAUD, MURDER
THE TABLE, NOT TURNING IN
SERIOUS MORES ARE
HOMEWORK
FORMALIZED AS LAWS
EX.)
CULTURAL UNIVERSALS – COMMON TO ALL
CULTURES
65 UNIVERSALS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
ART AND LEISURE
BELIEFS
EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT
TECHNOLOGY
BASIC NEEDS
COMMUNICATION
FAMILY
ECONOMY
CULTURAL VARIATIONS
SUBCULTURE
THAT SHARE
VALUES NOT SHARED BY THE
ENTIRE POPULATION
COUNTERCULTURE
SUBGROUPS
GROUPS
Ex.)
Ex.)
bodybuilding
THAT REJECT VALUE
OF SOCIETY AND CREATES
THEIR OWN
anarchists
emo
punk
greaser
KKK
hippy
gangs
RESPONSES TO VARIATION
THE MAJORITY STRIKES BACK
ETHNOCENTRISM
VIEWING YOUR OWN
CULTURE AS BETTER
HOW
DO YOU LOOK
AT OTHER CULTURES
OBJECTIVELY?
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
CULTURES SHOULD BE
JUDGED BY THEIR
STANDARDS RATHER
THEN YOUR OWN
STANDARDS
ARE
THERE OBJECTIVE
STANDARDS TO USE?