Transcript Basic Information of Base Stations

BASIC INFORMATION OF
BASE STATIONS
Furkan Turan
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is base station?
Base station and health
Problem statement
What if base stations are in distance
What should be done
Conclusion
What is a Base Station?
• Base station is an access
point of mobile devices to set
up a connection. The signals
from one or more mobile
devices, mainly phones in an
area are received at a nearby
base station, which then
connects the call to the landline network
• Those signals are
electromagnetic waves,
which is electric power
spread to air, or environment.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/craigjewell/2441148842/ 2013
Health Issue
• There is not a certain effect of magnetic fields harming
health has been proven.
• WHO: The overall evidence available to date does not
suggest that the use of mobile phones has any
detrimental effect on human health.
• Hutter: Analysis bad effects on memory, choice reaction,
perceptual speed. Research based on magnitude of
magnetic power and its effects.
• Santini: Loss of appetite, visual disruptions, headaches
are common complaints by people living close to base
stations.
Problem Statement
• People do not want to live close to a base station, and
wants base stations to be located outside of cities.
•
That is a due to
misknowledge, that
movement may return
as more problem
which is more
magnetic power.
http://www.mcf.amta.org.au/newsletters/Mobile.inSite.August.2012?Article=36985
If Base Stations are in Distance?
• Mobile phones increases power spent for wireless
communication to overcome the distance problem,
and to transmit their signals to base station.
• Many mobile phones connect to a station. In order to
be free of magnetic power of base station, increasing
power of each of those mobile phone is a false move.
• Base station will face so many connections which
means there will be so much magnetic field around a
single base station.
If Base Stations are in Distance? (cont.)
Chris Bataillard (CEO of Telemobil) states:
You could be across the street from
a base station, the energy you will
get from the base station is tiny
fraction of the energy of your call.
If there is a base station across the
street, your handset need to
transmit 0.01W - 0.1W.
If the base station is located
outside the city your handset need
to transmit 2W which is the limit.
http://balancingliving.blogspot.com/2011/10/health-risksof-cell-phone-radiation.html
If Base Stations are in Distance? (cont.)
• Vodafone – WHO (factsheet)
The SAR exposure from the mobile phone will be
highest when the base station is distant and/or the
user is in a building or a stationary vehicle that
impedes the phone signal. The phone will then
operate with maximum signal strength. All phones
are provided with details of the maximum SAR they
will produce when operating under such conditions.
If Base Stations are in Distance? (cont.)
• Roy D. Yates: Interruption issue is another problem if
so many devices connect to same station.
• In communication a capacity exists, which means
station is allocated to specific number of mobile
devices at a time. If another mobile device tries to
establish a connection, existing connection gets
interrupted and should be repeated.
• When number of mobile phones per station
increases; number of interruption or re-connection
increases.
If Base Stations are in Distance? (cont.)
• Development of technology is a help, but problems
arises also:
– Frequency of communication increases: 3G → 4G
Lower magnetic power consumption.
Lower SAR values.
– New mobile devices in connection continuously.
Higher communication rate.
What should be done?
•
•
•
•
Stop using mobile phones?
Use new smarphones or old phones?
Change communication technology?
Place base stations to everywhere?
Image: http://www.clker.com/clipart-question-mark-15.html
Solution: Wiser Base Station Placement
• Relation between amount of base stations and mobile
phones has a complex relation: In order to scale down
magnetic power emitted by mobile phones, number of
base stations should be increased.
• Moreover, new generation communication methods
cannot go beyond distances that older ones can.
Therefore, to reach efficient communication, base
stations should be increased.
• That does not mean living with a base station in same
room is fine.
Solution: Wiser Base Station Placement
• Technology is an help:
– There are many studies
on radio network
planning and
optimisation.
– Algorithms are
constructed to perform
placement for high
quality communication,
and less power
consumption.
http://www.bristolextensions.com/Bristol-house-extension-buildingspecialists/planning-permission-applications
Solution: Wiser Base Station Placement
Solution: Wiser Base Station Placement
Conclusion
• Misknowledge:
Number of base stations should be limited to limit their
adverse effects.
• Fact:
– If there are less base stations, each mobile phone away from base
station will incrase transmitted power to overcome the distance.
– When number of base stations and mobile phones are compared, that
will become a bad trade.
– When number of base stations around a region is not reduced
insensibly, and placement is held according to satisfy the wireless
communication demand with wisely placed stations, amount of
magnetic power spread to environment reduces significantly
References
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Automatic Base Station Placement and Dimensioning for Mobile Network Planning – 2002
Xuemin Huang, Ulrich Behr2 and Werner Wiesbeck
Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS – 2006
Jaana Laiho and Achim Wacker
Power-aware Base Station Positioninrz for Sensor Networks – 2004
Andrej Bogdanov, Elitza Maneva, Samantha Riesenfeldi
UMTS Radio Planning: Optimizing Base Station Configuration – 2002
Edoardo Amaldi, Antonio Capone, Federico Malucelli, and Francesco Signori
A Method of Mobile Base Station Placement for High Altitude Platform based Network with Geographical
Clustering of Mobile Ground Nodes - ISBN 978-83-60810-14-9
Ha Yoon Song
Integrated Power Control and Base Station Assignment
Roy D. Yates, and Ching-Yao Huang
IEEE Transactıons On Vehıcular Technology, Vol. 44, No. 3, August 1995
Study of Health of People Living in the Vicinity of Mobile Phone Base Stations – 2002
R. Santini, P. Santini, J.M. Danze, P. Le Ruz, M. Seigne
Mobile Telephone Base-statıons: Effects On Health And Wellbeing
Hans-peter Hutter, Hanns Moshammer, Mıchael Kundi
Exposure to Radio Waves near Mobile Phone Base Stations – 2000
S M Mann, T G Cooper, S G Allen, R P Blackwell and A J Lowe
Harald Haas: Wireless data from every light bulb
http://www.ted.com/talks/harald_haas_wireless_data_from_every_light_bulb.html