Transcript cross-cultural competency in educational psychology

CELEBRATING
DIVERSITY
AUGUST 29, 2013
Welcoming. Connecting. Belonging.
presented by
SASKATOON OPEN DOOR SOCIETY
CULTURAL BRIDGING PROGRAM
This program is supported by
Welcoming. Connecting. Belonging.
OUTLINE
Understanding Culture
Newcomer Experience
Beyond The Surface
Intercultural Communication
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Welcoming. Connecting. Belonging.
What is culture?
How do you define culture?
What is culture to you?
Where does culture come from?
Where do you learn culture?
Why does it matter?
What is its value?
Welcoming. Connecting. Belonging.
“refers to shared patterns of learned behaviors and values
that are transmitted over time, and that distinguish the
members of the one group from another. In this broad
sense culture can include: ethnicity, language, religion and
spiritual beliefs, gender, socio-economic class, age, sexual
orientation, geographic origin, group history, education,
upbringing and life experiences”
Welcoming. Connecting. Belonging.
The Canadian Nurse Association (2004)
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Exploring Perspectives
“What is required goes beyond mere tolerance
or sympathy or sensitivity – emotions which
can offer be willed into existence by a
generous soul.
True cultural sensitivity is something far more
rigorous and even more intellectual than that.
It implies readiness to study and learn across
cultural barriers, an ability to see others as
they see themselves.”
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H H Aga Khan
Diversity & Differences
We interpret what we see, but actual
meaning maybe different
Does not mean we need to change
our culture and adapt to another one
Sense of awareness that things may
be different for different people
Refrain from judging too quickly
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NEWCOMER EXPERIENCE
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Understanding immigration
IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRANT - A person who
comes to live permanently in a
foreign country.
They were able say good bye to
their families and friends. They
were able to bring in money or
properties. And their move is
planned.
Voluntary movement (has a
choice)
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REFIUGEES
REFUGEE - A person who has
been forced to leave their
country in order to escape war,
persecution, or natural disaster.
They could not say good bye to
their families and friends. And
their move is not planned.
Involuntary movement (no
choice)
NEWCOMERS ARE FROM…
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The Promised Land Syndrome
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Realities
1st STAGE
”Honeymoon Phase”
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”Culture Shock”
2nd STAGE
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Weather
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Different Systems
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LOSS OF SOCIAL
NETWORK
CREDENTIALS NOT RECOGNIZED
ALTERED
SOCIAL
STATUS
EMPLOYMENT IS A CHALLENGE
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Language
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Food Insecurity
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Who has ever experienced
car sickness?
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3rd STAGE
Gradual Adjustment
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4th and LAST STAGE
Adjustment
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Fill out
THE FORM
• Write from right to left.
• Write very clearly. Sloppy writing will be
discarded.
• Fill in every blank.
• For #2 use the Islamic calendar, which begins
November 4, A.D. 622
• Do not answer #7 unless you have a green strip of
paper
• Complete this task within three minutes
• Ask no questions
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Culture`s Link
with Communications
``Language carries culture, and culture carries, particularly through
orature and literature, the entire body of values by which we come to
perceive ourselves and our place in the world``
(Ngugi 1986, Intercultural Communication: page 15-16)
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Assumptions
• Everyone who looks or sounds
the same IS the same
• Everyone who looks or sounds
like us IS us
Cultural Competence Workshop for Service Providers in York Region, presented by Gloria
Murant and Douglas Stewart on April 28, 2003, Newmarket, ON
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Stereotypes and
its consequences
Stereotypes can lead to
views about others that
are typically:
•
•
•
•
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Rigid
Simplistic
Overgeneralized
negative or
unfavourable
Something to think about
“In any intercultural encounter, there is
always a temptation to feel that the
others have bad character or bad
intentions, rather than to realize that
they are acting according to different
rules.”
(Hofstede, Pedersen & Hofstede)
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Intercultural Communication
Intercultural
communication
increases our
understanding about
other cultures and it is
an effective way to
make our world a better
place
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Variables in
Intercultural Communications
Time
• Monochrome
• Polychrome
Sense of self and • Informal
• Formal
space
Roles and Status
• Men vs Women
• Titles
Decision Making • Quick decisions, little details
• Very detailed – trust first
Customs
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Variables in
Intercultural Communications
Continued…
Social Values
Legal and Ethical
Behaviors
Masculine vs.
Feminine
Achievements
• Material wealth
• Efficiency
• Politeness
• Bribes
• Custom
• Achievement, wealth, assertiveness
• Relationship, quality of life
• Individual
• Group
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Intercultural
Communication
Slow Down (Tone, Volume, Speed)
Separate Questions
Avoid Negative Questions
Take Turns
Be Supportive
Check Meanings
Avoid Slangs
Naming Systems
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Walk in the
other person’s shoes
“Hospitality is the art of making people feel
special always” Francis Brenna, Hotelier
• Integrity & Relationship
• Little things make a difference
• Educating the client during the process
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OUR DIFFERENCES MAKE US
UNIQUE
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REFERENCES
Brick, J 1991, China: A Handbook in Intercultural Communication, National Center for English language Teaching and Research, Macquarie University, Sydney.
Chaney, L H & Martin, J S 2003, Intercultural Business Communication, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Cutler, J 2005, The Cross-Cutural Trainer’s Manual – Volume 2: Activities for Cross-Cultural Training, Gower Publishing Ltd, Aldershot, UK.
Elder, B 1994, Communication Skills, Macmillan Education Australia, South Yarra.
Guirdham, M 2005, Communicating Across Cultures at Work, Palgrave Macmillan Ltd, Basingstoke, UK.
Hermans, J & Pusch, M D 2004, ‘Culture Matters’, European Association for International Education (EAIE) Occasional Paper 16.
Jandt, F E 2001, Intercultural Communication: An Introduction, Sage Publications, California.
Jandt, F E 2007, (5th ed.) Intercultural Communication: An Introduction, Sage Publications, California.
Lustig, M W & Koester, J 2006, Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication Across Cultures, Pearson Education Inc., Boston.
Martin, J N & Nakayama, T K 2001, Experiencing Intercultural Communication: An Introduction, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, California.
Mohan, T, McGregor, H, Saunders, S & Archee, R 2004, Communicating as Professionals, Nelson Australia Pty Ltd.
Neuliep, J W 2006, Intercultural communication: A contextual approach, Sage Publications, California.
Peterson, B 2004, Cultural Intelligence: A Guide to Working with People from Other Countries, Intercultural Press, Yarmouth, Maine.
Reynolds, S & Valentine, D 2004, Guide to cross-cultural communication, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
Sabath, A M 1999, International Business Etiquette: Asia & The Pacific Rim, Career Press, New Jersey.
Spencer-Oatey, H 2006, Introduction: What is Culture?, viewed 9 March 2007, < http://209.15.42.137/ic.org.uk/publications/culture.pdf>.
Taylor, O L 1987, Cross-Cultural Communication: An Essential Dimension of Effective Education, viewed 9 March 2007, <http://www.maec.org/cross/3.html>.
Tuleja, E A 2005, Intercultural Communication for Business, Managerial Communication Series, J S O’Rourke (ed), Thomson South-Western.
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Thank you for your time!
This presentation is supported by
Welcoming. Connecting. Belonging.