Transcript chapter 1 foundations for interpersonal communic

CHAPTER 1
FOUNDATIONS FOR
INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
Berko, R. M., Aitken, J. E., & Wolvin,
A. D. (2010). ICOMM: Interpersonal
concepts and competencies. Lanham,
MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Chapter 1. Copyright Rowman &
Littlefield. All rights reserved.
1
Why is effective communication
crucial?
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Communication is meaningful in
your life because it is how you know
yourself.
Communication is the basis for
human contact.
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What is Communication?
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Conscious or unconscious.
Intentional or unintentional.
Process.
Feelings and ideas are expressed.
verbal and/or nonverbal messages.
Messages sent, received, and
comprehended.
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Communication is
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Dynamic.
Continuous.
Irreversible.
Interactive.
Contextual.
This classic theory was developed by David Berlo and first
presented in David K. Berlo, The Process of Communication:
An Introduction to Theory and Practice (New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, 1960).
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Models of Communication
THE LINEAR MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
 Source
 Encodes
 Receiver
 Sensory channels
 Decode
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THE INTERACTIONAL MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Add to the original model:
 Feedback
 Adaptation
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THE TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Add to the models:
 Messages are processed
simultaneously by the
communicators.
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COMMUNICATIVE NOISE
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Environmental noise.
Physiological-impairment noise.
Semantic noise.
Syntactical noise.
Organizational noise.
Cultural noise.
Psychological noise.
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Make A List
 What
can interfere with
effective interpersonal
communication?
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DEALING WITH NOISE
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Need to be flexible.
Need to show sensitivity.
Need to be adaptive.
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THE BASIS FOR COMMUNICATION
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Nature and nurture.
Ethnographic Theory of Needs
proposes that the basic forces that
determine human behavior are
feeling secure, protecting one's
space (territoriality), finding
pleasure, and ensuring survival of
the species.
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INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal communication is
the active internal processing of
messages.
 Self-talk.
 Affirmations.
 Diaries.
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INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
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Interaction between two people who
share a relationship.
The basis for interpersonal
transactions is the sending and
receiving of messages in such a
way that the messages are
successfully encoded and
decoded.
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CULTURE
“Culture is the rules for living and
functioning in society.”
Larry Samovar, Richard Porter, Edwin McDaniel,
Intercultural Communication, A Reader 12 ed.,
(Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
2009), p. 10.
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Make A List
What makes up a culture or
co-culture?
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Ethnicity?
Nationality
Social-economic class?
Age?
Geographic region?
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US AMERICANS NEED TO ADAPT
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Immigration statistics indicate that
“whites, who currently make up around
two-thirds of the US population, will
become a minority (47%) by 2020.
The largest minority in the US is currently
Hispanic, whose proportion will double in
the next decades to 29% in 2050.
http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/200
8-02-11-population-study_N.htm
“Whites to be minority in US by 2020: study,”
News.yahoo.com/s/afp/2008, February 11, 2008.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
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Culture is learned.
Roots are deep in the
communication process.
Culture is a dynamic system that
changes over time; however, the
deep structure of a culture resists
change.
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ETHNOCENTRISM
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Tendency to put a person's own culture
and patterns of society as the essence of
many decisions and judgments.
Think one’s culture is best.
Robley D. Rhine, "William Graham Sumner's Concept of
Ethnocentrism: Some Implications for Intercultural
Communication," World Communication 18 (Spring 1989):
2.
Warning, you may find content offensive, but you can
search the Internet for videos about ethnocentrism, such as
this one WhatChapter
is Culture
0001
1. CopyrightEthnocentrism
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ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION
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Ethics is a study of what should serve as a
framework for what is moral (acceptable) and
immoral (unacceptable) behavior in a particular
culture.[i]
Your ethical value system is the basis for your
decision-making and your understanding of why
you will or will not take a particular stand or
action.
It is the basis for your communication ethics.
[i] Richard L. Johannesen, Ethics in Human Communication 4
Ed. (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 2001), p. 2.
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Make A List
 What
are the characteristics
of an ethical interpersonal
communicator?
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An Ethical Communicator
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Communicates truthfully.
Never uses the objective of honesty
as an excuse to be abusive
or hurtful.
Is assertive, may be persuasive, but
never coerces another person.
Never invents stories or information
without explaining.
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An Ethical Communicator
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Explains or gives credit to the
source of information.
Knows how to keep confidences.
Owns up to biases, prejudices, and
inappropriate behavior.
Stops gossip and prejudicial
comments.
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An Ethical Communicator
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Avoids talking behind the back of
another person, but instead
confronts problems with others by
using a content-based interaction.
Avoids name-calling, personal
attacks, or dredging up another
person's past mistakes.
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An Ethical Communicator
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Attacks the issue to be dealt with,
rather than attacking the other
person.
Creates a positive interpersonal
climate with the objective of
supporting the needs of the
individuals in the relational
interaction.
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BASIC CONCEPTS OF
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
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Communication takes place within a
system.
Messages cannot be erased.
Communication is proactive.
The meaning of a given act of
communication cannot be separated
from the components of the
communicative act ( participants,
context, purpose)
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BASIC CONCEPTS OF
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
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Interpersonal communication is
culture-oriented.
We teach others how to treat us.
We communicate what and who we
are.
We seek to persuade.
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BASIC CONCEPTS OF
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
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Meaning is in people, not in words.
We cannot not communicate.
People react to your actions.
You do what you do because in the
end you expect to achieve
happiness.
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BASIC CONCEPTS OF
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
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You cannot always have the
same understandings and
feelings as others.
People would rather be
praised than punished,
punished rather than
ignored.[1]
Be curious, not furious.[2]
[1] A concept expressed on her nationally
syndicated radio program by Dr. Joy Brown,
Chapter 1. Copyright Rowman & [2] Ibid.
psychologist, http://www.drjoy.com/
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Application Learning Activities
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JOIN OUR FACEBOOK GROUP

Join our Facebook group
http://www.facebook.com/groups/e
dit.php?edit_members&gid=212031
107692#/group.php?gid=21203110
7692&ref=search&sid=839393655.3
678944990..1 Go to the Discussion
board and discuss an idea from this
chapter.
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INTERNET
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Explore the Internet--websites,
videos, music--using the search
terms of "communication,"
"culture," and "ethics." What can
you find that is consistent with the
ideas of in chapter one of your
textbook?
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MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
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Draw your own model of
communication. What elements are
essential? Is your model simpler or
more complex than the ones in your
textbook?
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COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Using a clothes hanger, thread, and paper,
create a mobile that represents a
communication system. On each piece of
hanging paper, write a crucial element of
effective communication.
 How hard is it to keep your mobile in
balance?
 What happens if you touch or remove one
element?
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END CHAPTER 1
FOUNDATIONS FOR
INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
Berko, R. M., Aitken, J. E., & Wolvin, A. D. (2010).
ICOMM: Interpersonal concepts and competencies.
Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Visuals from Microsoft clipart or as indicated.
Chapter 1. Copyright Rowman &
Littlefield. All rights reserved.
34