Transcript ticet ppt on reseach writing and presentation

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫ والصالة والسالم على رسول هللا‬، ‫الحمد هلل‬
‫ وأنت تجعل ال َح ْز َن إذا شئت سهال‬،‫أللهم ال سهل إال ما جعلته‬
Research Writing and Presentation
A Two Hours, 1st International Conference on Information and
Communication Technology for Education and Training,
Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
Hany H. Ammar, Professor,
LANE Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, and
Visiting Professor
Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
1
Research Writing and Presentation
Some Tips
Part I: How to write research thesis and
research papers? Some Tips
Part II Making Research Presentations
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
2
OUTLINE of Part I: How to write
theses and papers?
• Introduction
– Motivation of this talk
• Structure of The Paper/thesis
–
–
–
–
–
–
The Title of your work
The Abstract
The Introduction
Related Work, Existing solutions
Describing your work
Conclusions and Future Work
• Conclusions of Part I
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
3
Introduction
• Motivation of this talk
– Good research can be presented in such a way that
research results are obscured by poor presentation.
– It is not possible to understand quickly, either the
essence of the contribution, or the most important
research details.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
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Introduction
• The main key to the successful presentation is to
repeat your ‘story’ four times: in the title, abstract,
introduction (or chapter 1) and in the text.
• That is, make readable and as complete as possible
versions of your work using the order of 10, 100,
1000 and 10.000 words
• Why? Because you have four different types of
readers.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
5
Introduction
• Among those who will ever notice your work, expect
that 80% will see only the title, 15% will read the
abstract and, 4% will read also the introduction and
conclusions, and the surviving 1% will read the
whole paper.
• If you do not believe this, just make your own
statistics on things you read, and time you have (or
time you want to spend) for reading other people’s
work.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
6
OUTLINE of Part I: How to write
theses and papers?
• Introduction
– Motivation of this talk
• Structure of The Paper/thesis
–
–
–
–
–
–
The Title of your work
The Abstract
The Introduction
Related Work, Existing solutions
Describing your work
Conclusions and Future Work
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
7
Structure of The Paper
• Title
• Abstract
• Introduction,
– Problem statement, Research Objectives,
Contributions
• Related Work, Existing solutions and their criticism,
• Proposed Methodology or Solution and why it is
expected to be better
• Comparison between the proposed methodology
and the existing solutions (e.g. performance,
complexity)
• Conclusions and Future Work
• References
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
8
The Title of your work
• Choose a title that enables the expert to figure out the
essence of the basic idea (s) and the main
contribution (s) even without reading the paper.
• If you are solving problem X using method Y, you have
probably searched Internet for both X and Y. Others
do the same, so let your work be observed easily.
• Poor titles are vague (e.g. Some Issues in …)
• Look at good papers and learn how titles are written
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
9
The Paper Abstract
Five Main Points
• State clearly what problem has been studied and/or
what is the goal of the thesis/paper.
• Give a brief statement on existing solutions and their
drawbacks.
• The essence of the proposed solution,
• List major contributions and state briefly
assumptions and limitations.
• State what type of analysis was done to show that the
proposed solution is really better (e.g. performance,
complexity) and result of analysis done. the major
numerical highlights of the analysis
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
10
The Paper Abstract
• If a 50-word abstract is required, then each part
above should be about one sentence long;
• If a 500-word abstract is required, then each part
above should be about 10 sentences long,
• The language should be simple and concise, with
declarative sentence structure, written primarily in
the present tense.(e.g., We present, investigate,
analyze, show, ..)
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
11
OUTLINE of Part I: How to write
theses and papers?
• Introduction
– Motivation of this talk
• Structure of The Paper/thesis
–
–
–
–
–
–
The Title of your work
The Abstract
The Introduction
Related Work, Existing solutions
Describing your work
Conclusions and Future Work
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
12
The Paper Introduction
• This section should give a summary of the article and
how it is organized. It should contain the following
items:
i) Introduction (basic facts needed to tune the reader to the thesis or
paper);
ii) Problem statement (precise definition and importance); avoid very
technical definitions and statements (present them in later text) and
instead give good intuition for your involved definitions or facts.
iii) Existing solutions and their criticism (limit only to those directly
relevant to the contribution of the thesis; give a motivation for doing
research on the topic);
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
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The Paper Introduction
iv) Contributions (proposed solutions; why they are
expected to be better; essence of the idea (s) used in
proposed solutions);
v) Conditions, assumptions and limitations of the research
done;
vi) Analysis (theoretical, experimental, simulations,
implementations,…) done in thesis; under what
conditions and scenarios is your solution best?
vii) Organization of the paper: describe briefly the following
sections
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
14
OUTLINE of Part I: How to write
theses and papers?
• Introduction
– Motivation of this talk
• Structure of The Paper/thesis
–
–
–
–
–
–
The Title of your work
The Abstract
The Introduction
Related Work, Existing solutions
Describing your work
Conclusions and Future Work
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
15
Related Work, Existing
solutions
• Most of the Research we do is evolutionary and not
revolutionary
• Should give a full literature review.
• This section should collect all known results relevant to
the problem stated, whether or not they are used in your
proposed contributions.
• Missing important recent work can be a major setback
• Discuss advantages and drawbacks of known solutions
that are relevant to your problem,
• Discuss the relevance of each reviewed item to your topic
and your solutions.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
16
Related Work, Existing
solutions
• For every discussed reference, it is very important to
relate them to your problem and contribution in one of
several ways:
– it does not exactly solve the same problem,
– it solves the same problem but makes different
assumptions about the system,
– it has some limitations that you do not have,
– it makes the same assumptions but does not work well
under certain conditions and scenarios for which you
have better solutions,
– if none of these is true, you are considering it as a valid
competitor, and will compare it with your work in the
analytical or experimental comparisons (in terms
performance, complexity, etc.).
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
17
OUTLINE of Part I: How to write
theses and papers?
• Introduction
– Motivation of this talk
• Structure of The Paper/thesis
–
–
–
–
–
–
The Title of your work
The Abstract
The Introduction
Related Work, Existing solutions
Describing your work
Conclusions and Future Work
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
18
Describing your work
• Present your contributions (including conditions,
assumptions, and limitations, where appropriate),
and their analysis.
• Draw a figure if appropriate, clearly state what is
the input and what is the expected output
• Then go into details of your solution, step by step.
• A figure is worth thousands words.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
19
Describing your work
• One of the most frequent mistakes made by
authors is to ignore the limitations, assumptions
made (compared to assumptions made in other
relevant papers), and scenarios for which their
solution is clear winner or loser.
• You shall not be overly optimistic about your
solution (s) and make unfounded claims.
• It is much better that you criticize yourself than
to leave such ‘pleasure’ to others
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
20
OUTLINE of Part I: How to write
theses and papers?
• Introduction
– Motivation of this talk
• Structure of The Paper/thesis
–
–
–
–
–
–
The Title of your work
The Abstract
The Introduction
Related Work, Existing solutions
Describing your work
Conclusions and Future Work
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
21
Paper Conclusions and
Future Work
• What did you achieve with this research?
• What are the drawbacks of your solution(s)?
• Do you have some ideas that you intend to study
further?
• Finish on a positive note, with a clear winner
statement about the value of your contribution.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
22
OUTLINE of Part I: How to write
theses and papers?
• Introduction
– Motivation of this talk
• Structure of The Paper/thesis
–
–
–
–
–
–
The Title of your work
The Abstract
The Introduction
Related Work, Existing solutions
Describing your work
Conclusions and Future Work
• Conclusions of Part I
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
23
Conclusions of
Part I: How to write theses and
papers? Some Tips
• Make Sure you have a good title: Most People read it
• The Abstract is extremely important: It could turn away
readers and give a bad impression on your work
• The Introduction is also important, it sets the structure or
organization of your paper for
• The related work is a key part of your paper. It is the part
where reviewers can have major attacks based on missing
important work or work that need to be compared to your
work.
• Illustrate your work using simple examples
• Conclusions and future work also form a key part of your
paper. Finish on a positive note and discuss the opened
problems and your future research
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
24
Research Writing and Presentation
Part I: How to write theses and papers?
Part II Making Research Presentations
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
25
OUTLINE of Part II: Making
presentations
• Introduction
– Making presentations, Put your audience first!
– Speaking style, Time keeping
– Using notes, Composure
– Practical issues, pitfalls to avoid
• Preparing the content
– Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
– Visual aids
• What makes a good presentation? - Some guidelines
• Conclusions
• References
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
26
Introduction: Making
presentations
• The aim is good, clear
communication.
• Most people are afraid
of public speaking.
• There is no substitute
for preparation.
• Collect and order
relevant material.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and
27
Introduction: Put your audience first!
• Prepare the opening sentences carefully.
• Use a non-technical opening……but only if it’s
relevant.
• Avoid openings like “Thank you Mr Chairman for
those kind words. It is a great pleasure to be here
again in this great ……”
• Throw your audience straight into the story “Is it
possible to improve on the reliability of Airbus
software?”
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
28
Introduction: Speaking style.
•
•
•
•
•
An informal, conversational style is best.
Avoid long, complicated sentences.
Vary tone of voice to give expression.
Vary the speed of delivery to provide emphasis.
But don’t speak too quickly: fast deliveries are
difficult to understand.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
29
Introduction: Time keeping.
• Don’t speak for too long.
• People remember up to 40% of a 15 minute talk, but
only 20% after 45 minutes.
• Assume a presentation rate of 100 words per minute.
• Keep to time!
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
30
Introduction: Using notes.
•
•
•
•
•
•
NEVER read a script.
Write out the text.
List the key words to form your notes.
Produce notes on cards rather than paper.
Keep notes in order with a treasury tag.
Practice… in front of a mirror!
“Practice means perfect”
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
31
Introduction: Composure.
• Hold your notes in one hand; let the other hang by
your side.
• Look at the audience - but not at one person!
• Start slowly, having learned the first sentence.
• Be aware of mannerisms and repeated gestures.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
32
Introduction: Practical issues
• Explore the layout of the lecture room
BEFOREHAND.
• Understand how to control the projectors,
microphones, lights, video…..
• Do not speak while turning away from the
microphone to look at a slide.
• Overhead projectors should project upwards
• Do not obscure the slide projection.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
33
Introduction: pitfalls to avoid
• NEVER apologize for being an inexperienced
speaker.
• Never say
“You will have seen all this before”
“You will know more about this than I do”
• Audiences will be embarrassed - they are on your
side.
• Nervousness leads to uncertainty about your
material.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
34
Introduction: pitfalls to avoid.
• Never try to be a stand up comic.
• Be humorous, but humour is often at someone’s
expense - make it your own.
• It is easy to offend people - and lose their sympathy.
• Humour depends on timing.
• A joke that falls flat is embarrassing.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
35
OUTLINE
• Introduction
– Making presentations, Put your audience first!
– Speaking style, Time keeping
– Using notes, Composure
– Practical issues, pitfalls to avoid
• Preparing the content
– Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
– Visual aids
• What makes a good presentation? - Some guidelines
• Conclusions
• References
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
36
Preparing the content: Tell `em,
Tell `em, and Tell `em
• The old salesman’s adage contains a good deal of
truth: Tell ‘em what you’re going to tell ‘em;
Tell ‘em; Tell ‘em what you’ve just told ‘em.
• Don’t pack too much information into a talk.
• Start with a brain map - and then order the material
into a sequence.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
37
Preparing the content: Visual
aids
• Slides should not be cluttered with information.
• Use colour to emphasise a point and not for its
own sake.
• The minimum size font on an OHP should be 18
point.
• Laser pointers need practice and can be
dangerous.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
38
OUTLINE
• Introduction
– Making presentations, Put your audience first!
– Speaking style, Time keeping
– Using notes, Composure
– Practical issues, pitfalls to avoid
• Preparing the content
– Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
– Visual aids
• What makes a good presentation? - Some guidelines
• Conclusions
• References
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
39
What makes a good presentation?
Some guidelines
Tell ’em 1
• Guideline 1 - Consider whom the presentation is
designed for.
• Guideline 2 - Keep the charts simple and
uncluttered.
• Guideline 3- Make sure that the charts are legible
even from the back of the room
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
40
What makes a good presentation?
Some guidelines
Tell ’em 1(Cont.)
• Guideline 4 - Highlight key information
• Guideline 5 - Focus attention on one concept at a
time
• Guideline 6 - Reinforce your conclusion
A Two Hour
Research
Writing
Lecture,
and1st
Presentation
Intern. Conf.
Seminar
on Information
July 5, 2009,
and Cairo U
41
What makes a good presentation?
Some guidelines
Tell ’em 2
• Guideline 1 - Consider whom the presentation is designed
for
– The audience
• Do they know much about the subject?
– Terminology, Jargon or symbols
• Are you using jargon or symbols that they are unfamiliar with?
– Number of people
• If you are talking to a small number of people, then they should be
able to see the computer screen without any problems. If there are a
large number of people, then you will need to use a projector of some
sort.
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
42
What makes a good presentation?
Some guidelines
Tell ’em 2
• Guideline 2 - Keep the charts simple and uncluttered.
– Don’t put in any more or any less than is required
This Chart is
Difficult to see
Candidate List Size
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
43
What makes a good presentation?
Some guidelines
Tell ’em 2
• Guideline 3 - Make sure that the charts are legible,
even from the back of the room
– If you are making a presentation using a projector, then the
characters need to be a minimum of 0.5 cm high for members of
the audience who are 100 metres away. For more mature people,
the minimum height needs to be 1 cm.
A Two Hour
Research
Writing
Lecture,
and1st
Presentation
Intern. Conf.
Seminar
on Information
July 5, 2009,
and Cairo U
44
What makes a good presentation?
Some guidelines
Tell ’em 2
• Guideline 4 - Highlight key information
easy
– Make it
for the audience to pick out the most
important details
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
45
What makes a good presentation?
Some guidelines
Tell ’em 2
• Guideline 5 - Focus attention on one concept at a time
– Make sure that you are not giving the audience too much to think
about at any one time
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
46
What makes a good presentation?
Some guidelines
Tell ’em 2
• Guideline 6 - Reinforce your conclusion
– Finish the presentation with a summary of the main points that you
want to make sure that the audience has understood
A Two Hour
Research
Writing
Lecture,
and1st
Presentation
Intern. Conf.
Seminar
on Information
July 5, 2009,
and Cairo U
47
What makes a good presentation?
Some guidelines
Tell ’em 3
In summary, we presented Six Guidelines
–
–
–
–
–
–
Who the presentation is designed for
Keep charts simple
Charts must be legible
Highlight key information
One concept at a time
Reinforce your conclusion
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
48
OUTLINE
• Introduction
– Making presentations, Put your audience first!
– Speaking style, Time keeping
– Using notes, Composure
– Practical issues, pitfalls to avoid
• Preparing the content
– Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
– Visual aids
• What makes a good presentation? - Some guidelines
• Conclusions
• References
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
49
Conclusions
• The aim is good, clear communication,
there is no substitute for preparation.
• In Preparing the content remember to
– Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
– Use good Visual aids
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
50
Conclusions
• Follow good presentation guidelines
– Who the presentation is designed for
– Keep charts simple
– Charts must be legible
– Highlight key information
– One concept at a time
– Reinforce your conclusion
A Two Hour
Research
Writing
Lecture,
and1st
Presentation
Intern. Conf.
Seminar
on Information
July 5, 2009,
and Cairo U
51
References
• Campbell, J., (1990), Speak for yourself, BBC Books,
London, ISBN 0563215119
• Boothe, V., (1984), Communicating in science: writing and
speaking, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 052127771 X
• Tufte, E., (1983), The Visual Display of Quantitative
Information, Graphics Press
A Two Hour Lecture, 1st Intern. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for
Education and Training, Hammamet, Tunis, May 7-10, 2012
52
Better still, prepare thoroughly!
And Practice
ُ‫وجزاك ُم هللا‬
‫خيرا‬
53