Komunikasi dalam Pendidikan
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Transcript Komunikasi dalam Pendidikan
Komunikasi dalam
Pendidikan
For your reflection!
The key to success is your ability to effectively
communicate
In the information age, we need more than good
ideas to get ahead. Just as important is the ability
to quickly and persuasively communicate those
ideas clearly, concisely with self-confidence
Skills needed related to communication in job
advertisement:
Proficient in both written and spoken English
Good in PR and communication skills
Social psychologists estimation – There is usually a 40 –
60% loss of meaning in the transmission of messages from
sender to receiver
People in organizations typically spend over 75% of their
time in an interpersonal situation
Effective communication is an essential component of
organizational success
Good interpersonal skills, diplomacy, sense of negotiation
and authority over personnel
Conversant in English, BM and Mandarin
National Communication Association (NCA)
Research and instruction in the discipline focus
on the study of how messages in various media
are produced, used, and interpreted within and
across different contexts, channels, and cultures.
Definitions
Communication is the process of people sharing thoughts,
ideas and feelings with each other in commonly
understandable way (Hamilton)
Communication is much more than just the exchange of
words: All behavior convey some message and is,
therefore, a form of communication (Johnson)
One-way communication:
Communication in which information is always
transferred in only one preassigned direction
Effective communication
Effective communication exists between two
persons when the receiver interprets the sender’s
message in the same way the sender intended it
Communication Model
Model S-M-C-R
Source (sumber)
Mesej (message)
Channel/medium (saluran)
Receiver (penerima)
Five Theoretical Approaches to
Organizational Communication
Mechanistic approach
Organizations are machines
Human resource approach
Organizations are made up of creative individuals
General system approach
Organization is an organic system
Political approach
Organization is the site of struggle
Cultural approach
Organization is a culture onto itself
Teori Organisasi dan Komunikasi
Teori Klasik
Komunikasi diwujudkan untuk memudahkan
arahan dan kawalan dalam organisasi melalui
saluran menegak (vertical) dan formal
Komunikasi bersifat sehala, atas ke bawah dan
berkaitan dengan tugas (task related)
Messages move up the hierarchy through a series
of whispers, but down the hierarchy through a
series of loudspeakers
Teori Sistem Sosial
Komunikasi didesak oleh Kajian Hawthorne
Communication can be be defined as the exchange
of meaning
‘exchange of meaning’ dalam konteks ini
mengambil kira aspek sosio-psikologi penerima
dan penghantar
The meaning of the words are not in the words;
they are in us
Teori Sistem Terbuka
Komunikasi merupakan pertukaran mesej dan
makna (meaning) antara sesebuah organisasi dan
persekitarannya, dan juga antara rangkaian
subsistem yang saling bergantung
Sifat-sifat komunikasi Menegak
Maklumat yang disiarkan dari atas ke bawah lebih
merupakan surat-surat perkeliling, panduan
program, polisi kementerian, panduan untuk
pentadbiran dan sebagainya
Maklumat dari bawah ke atas pula merupakan
laporan, maklumat penyeliaan, permohonan untuk
mendapatkan sumber pendidikan dan sebagainya
Sifat-sifat Komunikasi Mendatar
Komunikasi akan kurang terdedah kepada
perubahan apabila berlaku dalam kumpulan sama
jenis (homogeneous)
Tiga jenis perubahan yang sering berlaku:
Levelling
Sharpening
Assimilation
Communication Styles
Sensors
Pragmatic
Direct
Tend to command
Feeler
Sensitive to other’s needs
More concern with the process of interaction
rather than the content of it
Rely on personality rather than data
Thinkers
Make decisions after considering all the
alternatives
Overly cautious and conservative
Intuitor
Imaginative and sometimes hard to understand
Never close to issue, leave things unsolved
Too abstract
Different Communicating
Styles Between Men and Women
Men talk about things (business, food and sports)
Women talk about people rather than things
Men convey facts ant not details
Women convey feelings and details
Men compete
Women cooperate
Obstacles to Communication
Selective listening
Frame of reference
Source of credibility
Semantics
Value judgment
Technical jargon
Time pressures
Communication overload
Organization size
Officialese
Age/experience differential
Fear of asking something that might sound foolish
Not wanting to admit not knowing something
Hyperactive mind
Grapevine
Every organization has an informal
communications network, or "grapevine," that
operates in addition to the official channels
Communication skills
Listening skills
Ability to get the message across
Emotional management in the communication process
Assertive communication
Aware of communication barriers
Judge the content and not the messenger
Paraphrase when necessary
Respond in an interested way
Own up: Use “I” and not “They”
Example of Paraphrasing
Student: I don't like this school as much as my old one. People are
not very nice."
Counselor: You are unhappy at this school?
Student: Yeah. I haven't made any good friends. No one includes
me.
Counselor: You feel left out here?
Student: Yeah. I wish I knew more people.
Kemahiran mendengar
Training yourself to listen more
effectively could potentially be the most
important skill you acquire in building a
successful career for yourself.
Berhenti bercakap
Biar orang yang bercakap berasa selesa
Tunjukkan yang kita mahu mendengar
Elakkan gangguan
Mendengar dengan empathy
Sabar/kawal perasaan
Listen to whatever is being said without getting
too emotional or losing your temper
Bertanya
Non-verbal Communication
Research suggests that nonverbal communication
is more important in understanding human
behavior than words alone--the nonverbal
"channels" seem to be more powerful than what
people say.
We lift eyebrow for disbelief. We rub our noses
for puzzlement … (Julius Fast)
Non-verbal communication includes:
Facial expressions (mimik muka)
Tones of voice (tona suara)
Gestures (pergerakan badan)
Eye contact
Spatial arrangements (susunan ruang)
Patterns of touch/tactile (corak sentuhan)
Cultural differences (perbezaan budaya)
Most of us spending 75% or our waking hours
communicating our knowledge, thoughts, and
ideas to others. However, most of us fail to realize
that a great deal of our communication is of a nonverbal form as opposed to the oral and written
forms.
The Roles of Non-Verbal
Communicaiton
Repetition
Contradiction
Substitution
Complementing
Accenting
For Your Thoughts!
If you want to be happy, count the things that you have but
money can’t buy!